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p.4. The following table is in both editions.

TABLE I * Island Names and Their Derivations
English Name	Origin	Spanish Name	Origin	Official Name ‡
Abington	Earl of Abington	Pinta	Caravel Pinta	Pinta
Albemarle	Duke of Albemarle	Isabela	Isabella of Castile, Queen of Spain	Isabela
Barrington	Admiral Samuel Barrington, R.N.	Santa Fe	Capitalaciones de Santa Fe	Santa Fe
Bartholomew	Lt. David Bartholomew, R.N. ^	Bartolomé	probably from Slevin	Bartolomé
Beagle	HMS Beagle			Beagle
Bindloe	Captain John Bindloe	Marchena	Fray Antonio Marchena	Marchena
Brattle	Nicholas Brattle	Tortuga	Spanish for turtle	Tortuga
Caldwell	Admiral Caldwell, R.N.			Caldwell
Champion	Alexander Champion, whaler			Campeón
Charles	King Charles II	Santa Maria or	Caravel Saint Mary (Santa Maria, second ed.)	Santa María
		Floreana †	Floriferous [sic, in first ed.] Pres. Juan José Flores in second ed.
Chatham	William Pitt, First Earl of Chatham	San Cristóbal	Saint Christopher, Patron saint of sailors	San Cristóbal
Cowley	Ambrose Cowley, buccaneer			Cowley
Crossman	Richard Crossman			Los Hermanos §
Culpepper	Lord Culpepper			Darwin §
Daphne	HMS Daphne			Daphne
Duncan	Admiral Viscount Duncan, R.N.	Pinzón	Brothers Pinzón	Pinzón
Enderby	Samuel Enderby, whaler			Enderby
Guy Fawkes	The English conspirator			Guy Fawkes
Hood	Adm. Viscount Samuel Hood, R.N.	Española	España (Spain)	Española
Indefatigable	HMS Indefatigable	Santa Cruz	Holy Cross	Santa Cruz
James	King James II	Santiago †	Spanish for James	San Salvador
		San Salvador	First island discovered in America
Jervis	Admiral John Jervis	Rábida	Convent “de la Rábida	Rábida
Nameless		Sin Nombre	Spanish for Nameless	Sin Nombre
Narborough	Admiral Sir John Narborough	Fernandina	Ferdinand of Aragon, King of Spain	Fernandina
Plaza		Plaza	President L. Plaza	Plaza
Seymour, North		(Seymour Norte, 2nd ed.)		Seymour
Seymour, South		Baltra		Baltra
Tower ††		Genovesa	Genoa, Italy, supposed birthplace of Columbus	Genovesa
Wenman	Lord Wainman	Wolf	Ecuadorian geologist	Wolf
* Minor revisions made here to place first column in alphabetical order.   ^ Actually, Bartholomew James Sulivan, HMS Beagle.   † Denotes boxed name in first edition, underlined in second edition, to indicate author's preferred usage, instead of official name. †† Same in first edition, but official name is given preferred usage in second edition.   ‡ This column omitted in second edition; Same name in col. 1 or 3 set in boldface to indicate official name.   § This name omitted in second edition.

“We passed close to the Redondo Island [Rosa Redonda], a curious looking rock.”
The bracketed (and incorrect) citation was inserted during book production and is not found in Robert Dampier's original ms.

In Westward Bound …, p. 74. “The Spanish name, Nightmare Island, seems much more suitable than [Tower].”

The Table below summarizes the seven circumnavigations of the first (white background) and second ships named Yankee. Blank or incomplete space indicates unknown information, pending further research. Number(s) following colon are page number(s) for information in cited book.

Start Voyage §	Arrived Galápagos	Left Galápagos	End Voyage	Logbooks †	Described in Book
1933, 5 November	1933, 25 December	unknown	1934, 5 May	24/? & ?	Westward bound in the Schooner Yankee: 37
1936, 1 November	late December	(2½ weeks later)	1938, 1 May	24/4 & 6	Wittmer: 109, Sailing to See: 9, 67, (76-79 photos)
1939, 29 October			1941, 27 April	25/7 & 9
1947, 2 November	1947, December	late December	1949, 1 May	26/10 & 15	Wittmer: 195, Yankee's Wander World: 40, 48, 65
1950, 29 October			1952, 15 January‡	27/16 & 19
1953, 1 November	1953, 11 December	1954, early January	1955, 1 May	28/20 & 24	Yankee's People and Places: 24, 54-70 (graffiti)
1956, 4 November	1956, December		1958, 4 May	29/25 & 29	(graffiti)
§ “We always leave Gloucester on the Sunday nearest the first of November.” Yankee's Wander World, p. 41. † Logbooks at Mystic Seaport; Johnson Collection. X/Y & Z format indicates Box number/Logbook volume numbers for Start & End dates. ‡ Early end date may indicate a missing volume containing final entries from 16 January through actual end date. In support of this, a New York Times report dated April 28 states: “ … the ninety-foot brigantine Yankee ended an eighteen-month cruise around the world this afternoon by arriving at the State Fish Pier [Gloucester, MA] on schedule.”

Johnson's 1726 History is included here because it is the source of a variant of Herman Moll's Map of the Middle Part of America. The map in most editions of Dampier's New Voyage shows the track of his ship. However, the variant in the Johnson edition omits this track and makes several other changes, as summarized in a Table of Differences accompanying the illustration of both editions of the map. See Herman Moll bibliography for details.

Various authorities have argued for and against the claim that “Captain Charles Johnson” was a pseudonym of Daniel Defoe. Failing conclusive evidence, Johnson's actual identity remains unknown.

The following excerpt is from W. Kaye Lamb's introduction to The Voyage of George Vancouver: 1791-1795.
p. 266: “Other items of interest at Taunton include 11 rough surveys by Johnstone (… seven of the Galapagos Islands).” The editor may have assumed the Taunton Ms. reference number (231/7) indicated seven Galápagos charts, but in fact there is only one. The chart shows fragments of the present Islas Isabela and Fernandina (neither identified by name on the chart). Johnstone was Master of HMS Chatham, which travelled in company with Vancouver's HMS Discovery. See also Joseph Baker.

Tom Johnstone was a crew member on the Zavorah, Capt. Charles Hubbard, on its six-month voyage from Boston to San Pedro, California. While in Galápagos, Johnstone took photos at Isla San Cristóbal, Pinnacle Rock, and Isla Floreana. His Pinnacle Rock photos show that its shape has not changed significantly between 1937 and 2005, thus contradicting the legend that it was “blasted” into its present shape by US military forces during WWII, as reported by several accounts.

Excerpts describing animals introduced on Isla Santa Cruz.

• The date of the introduction of donkeys into Santa Cruz is unknown, .. .
• The date of introduction of feral [presumably domestic, but later feral] dogs is also unknown, as also is the cause of their extinction: all one can say is that wild dogs did for a time exist here. The people of the Norwegian Ulva expedition (ca. 1925) shot a couple, and my father saw dog tracks at Tortuga Bay in 1935 which could only have been made by wild dogs. Since then, they have not been seen or heard.
• The wild cattle were introduced in 1923 by Captain Rafael A. Castro, who still lives here. He released a bull and two cows at Academy Bay and then sailed off. When he came [back?] here there were still only a relatively few wild cattle, ..
• The wild pigs were released in approximately 1927 by a Norwegian farmer who raised pigs, then abandoned his project and just released the pigs and left the island. The pigs are descended from two stocks, black wild pigs from Floreana and a more improved white breed from the mainland.
• The goats were introduced some time after 1925 by settlers who brought goats for milking from Barrington, Baltra and Santiago.
• The black rats were introduced a few years before we came here [introduced ca. 1930].
• Mice were introduced into this island shortly after World War 2, ..
• A couple of years later [ca. 1937] we saw the first big earthworms, about four inches long.

The authors state that Cowley “ … concealed for a time his name under the pseudonym of ‘an ingenious Englishman.’ ”

In Whitehall Ms. 4, an unknown copyist describes one of Cowley's manuscripts as “An Exact Journal … by an Ingenious Englishman.” But this is the copyist's description of the author, and not the author's description of himself. There is no known evidence that Cowley ever disguised his identity, and his name is prominently displayed on the first page of all but one of the known copies of his manuscript journal. In fact, the possibility that a captain [John Cook, and later, John Eaton] and an entire ship's company would place themselves in the care of a master's mate with no name is so ludicrous that one may wonder what possessed Kemp and Lloyd to make this claim.

Kemp and Lloyd also appear to be the originators of several interesting variations on other facts. For example, Cowley clearly states how the crew disposed of their first ship, the Revenge. They “ … set her on fire, by reason she should tell no tales.” Kemp and Lloyd revise this to “One account suggests that she was burned ‘that she might tell no tales’ … [but] … another and possibly more likely statement is that she was exchanged farther down the coast for sixty young negro girls who served as a diversion for the buccaneers until they perished miserably one by one in the icy wastes of the Antarctic.” The source of this information is unknown, and it is assumed here that it is the invention of the authors, for reasons known (one hopes) only to themselves. Apparently though, one of these noted historians forgot some of the details: in a subsequent biography of William Dampier, Lloyd writes that “How they disposed of the Revenge and of the sixty black girls they found on board their prize, we do not know.”

Lloyd may also have forgotten his actual source for the following tidbit on Dampier's character: “One of the gentlemen of the Royal Society, of a higher station in life than he could ever aspire to, whom he met at the time that he dined with Evelyn and Pepys, called him ‘a blunt fellow, but of better understanding than would have been expected from one of his education’.” Lloyd does not identify the gentleman of high station, and the only known account of the dinner is an entry in the diary of John Evelyn: “6th August, 1698. I dined with Pepys, where was Captain Dampier. … He seemed a more modest man than one would imagine by the relation of the crew he had assorted with.” Presumably Lloyd read, and then forgot, a letter by Charles Hatton to his brother Christopher, written about one year before Dampier dined with Pepys. Hatton begins “I have discoursed with Dampier” and then offers the “blunt fellow” description which Lloyd claims occurred at the dinner with Samuel Pepys.

Darwin cites Kerr's Voyages as the source of his information about Captain Woodes Rogers, whom Darwin mis-identifies as “Woods, Rogers” (in Journal and Remarks) and as “Wood and Rogers” (in Journal of Researches). Kerr identifies the Captain as Woods [sic] Rogers, so the comma and subsequent “and” errors are probably Darwin's own. Kerr is also cited in Chapter V (“Bahia Blanca”) of Darwin's Journal.

p. 351. September 16^th. “The next day we ran near Hoods Is^d & there left a (“the” in Barlow) Whale boat.” Compare with FitzRoy.
p. 357. September 28^th. “Steered towards the Southern end of Albermale Is^d, which was surveyed.” Editor's note (1) gives correct spelling. Darwin's misspelling is consistent, but corrected without comment in Barlow and other editions.

The book repeats many of the historical errors found elsewhere in the literature, and introduces a few new ones too.
p. 7: “Ortelius gave the archipelago the name Insulae de los de Galopegos.”
p. 8: Diego de Rivadeneira was a Spanish pirate.
p. 9: American soldiers shot land iguanas for amusement.
p. 10: Dr. Ritter and Dore Strauch were married.
p. 11: Lorenz perished on an exploration trip.
p. 19: “Names of the Largest Galápagos Islands” table shows Cowley misspelled as Crowley (and so on).

Pages 33-46 are a chronological listing of whaling ships in Galápagos from 1793 through 1907. Pages 46-55 present the same list sorted by island name. The lists are collated from ships' logs held in more than 40 museums and private collections in New England, and represent the microfilm collections of these logs held at various Australian libraries. The locations of the original logs are not given in this volume, but may be found by consulting the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau website.

p. 54 shows the following entry: Perry's Island 1860, 2-13 July Vigilant

This is a reference to Remarks On Board Bark Vigilant of New Bedford, Frederick P. Cole, Master. The entry for Sunday, July 2nd reads in part: “This afternoon the three barks anchored in the bay at Perrys Isthmus.” Apparently the last word was mis-read as “Island.”

The Wittmers of Floreana is an excerpt from the author's unpublished autobiography, written when he participated in a creative-writing class.

1974
p. 584. List, and chart facing page includes the following Islas/Islotes (and others):

Punta Bowditch (16)	Pan de Azucar (18)	(xx) is key to map facing p. 584 and p. 18 (Lanza et al 1982).
Jardinero cerca Española (42)	Roca Pateadora (39)
Jardinero cerca S. María (23)	Tiburón [1] (6)
Mares (37)	Tiburón [2] o Beagle (14)

p. 843. “ … che propórrei di chiamare Escollo de Punta Bowditch: il minore e più vicino alla costa, Islote de P. B. Meridional e Islote de P. B. Septentrional.
1982
p. 75. Location of Islote de Santa Fe (Barrington Islet) is given.
p. 80. Location of “Islote Coamaño [sic] (Jensen Islet)” is given, with chart as Figure 5.
p. 80. Footnote 7 states that Isla Caamaño is “Named Johnson by Brosset (p. 104), Jenson by Lévêque, and Camaño by Villaret (p. 67).”
p. 93. “This islet [Cousins], that I proposed calling Mares Islet (Lanza, 1973) in honor of Mr. Lodovico Mares.”
p. 93. Location of Escollo de Bartolomé is given.
p. 95. Location of Escollo de Punta Bowditch is given.

p. 79. “… en los mapas de Ortelius de 1589 ya figura el grupo insular con otros nombres: 'Las Encantadas' † que, como hemos dicho, fue probablemente el primero que le dieron los descubridores españoles.”
p. 106. “… denominó entonces 'Archipiélago de Ecuador.' ”
p. 107. “Hernández … dio el nombre de Floreana a las isla Charles; llamó Olmedo a la James y [Vicente] Roca a otra de las islas.”

† There is no known Ortelius map with the islands labeled as “Las Encantadas.”

p. 96. Footnote 7 (p. 80) in Lanza 1982 states that Caamaño is named “Jenson by Lévêque.”

The caption on the back of the first photo gets a few things wrong:

1. The photo shows the island of Marchena, not Charles/Floreana,
2. According to a United Press report, the preposterous claim that Germans who reside in Galápagos may demand their annexation by Germany appeared in El Comercio, a newspaper in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The only Germans on Isla Floreana were the Wittmer Family, who wanted nothing to do with Nazi Germany. On Isla Santa Cruz, the Angermeyer brothers had fled Germany and likewise wanted nothing to do with the Nazis.
3. Colonel Frank Knox (publisher, Chicago Daily News, and World War II Secretary of the Navy), did not make the suggestion attributed to him. He received a letter from Major General David L. Stone, Commanding General of the Panama Department who wrote that the United States should gain control over the islands, as shown in the letter excerpt which follows:
   • “We fully realize that the [Panama] Canal is vulnerable to air attack right now and that we are mighty poorly prepared to defend it, especially against carrier-based air raids from the Pacific, and until we get control of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands, as advanced bases, I can't see any way to cover the seaward approaches to the Canal with necessary aircraft warning stations and tactical operating bases to give our air defenses some depth in that direction.”
4. Alternate photo caption is seen on some copies of the same photo, reporting discovery of bodies of Lorenz and Nuggerud.

The “Les Isles de Gallapagos” map is obviously a copy of Herman Moll's 1699 “The Gallapagos Islands, …” with island names re-written in French. Thus Moll's “Duke of Albemarle Isl.” becomes “Isle du Duc d'Albemarle” and so on. Since the name of the translator/transcriber is unknown, the map is atttributed to the publisher, Jean-Baptiste Machuel.

Little is known about the author, other than that he was a contributor to Ballou's Monthly Magazine. Given his regular series of features on nautical themes, perhaps we was a relative of John Macy, captain of the whaleship Sukey. Captain Macy mentioned “Patt's [sic] Landing” in a letter quoted by David Porter in his Journal of a Cruise. If William and John were indeed related, perhaps the writer heard the Watkins legend from the captain, or another member of the family. He may also have borrowed from Paul West's Ship's Log: Whaleship Cyrus, in which West describes dealing with Watkins for vegetables.

In Ms. 126, p. 219 “Ia. Carlos Lomas, 1°29' S, 84°18' W of Cádiz” [i.e., 90°36'W. Document author unknown, but presumably someone aboard Santa Gertrudis. See Malaspina Expedition for further details.]

Excerpts from Malaspina Expedition are presented here simply to clarify that, contrary to many accounts, Malaspina did not visit Galápagos.

Notwithstanding the “Notes on Travel in Peru” in the subtitle, there are only a few pages devoted to that country. The rest of the text is divided between Galápagos and mainland Ecuador, where the author—a Scottish merchant—was a longtime resident of Guayaquil.

A footnote (p. 136) in Sir Clements' translation of Sarmiento's Historia is repeated here:

* This story of the navigation of Tupac Inca to the islands of Ninachumpi and Avachumpi or Hahua chumpi is told by [Cabello de] Balboa as well as by Sarmiento. They were no doubt two of the Galápagos Islands. Nina chumpi means fire island, and Hahua chumpi outer island. See my introduction to the Voyages of Sarmiento, p. xiii; and Las Islas de Galapagos by Marco Jimenes de la Espada.

Notwithstanding Markham's observation that the islands “ … were no doubt two of the Galápagos Islands,” Sarmiento's own text suggests that they were not. The merchants spoke of islands “where there were many people and much gold,” which certainly rules out Galápagos. It is conceivable that Tupac Inca passed by Galápagos on his voyage, but if he returned with black people, gold and other items, then clearly he visited other locations too. However, Sarmiento's own 1567 discovery of islands 200 or more leagues to the westward might have been Galápagos. If so, he was mistaken in associating them with Tupac Inca's Ninachumpi and Avachumpi.

The sources for Ducéré's work are the following two manuscript logbooks at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, France:

• Fonds Français, No.385: Journal de bord, du 19 Mai 1686 au 8 Juin 1690 (no author identification, but presumably same as the following).
• Fonds Français, No.385: Journal de bord, du 8 Juin 1690 au 4 Septembre 1694, tenu par F. Massertie, avec plans et profils.
  (Citations above courtesy Raynald Laprise.)

Several island names are given, some without sufficient information to make a positive identification. For example:

• “L'île et fort grande, elle a vingt ligues de long, elle est sous la ligne équinoxiale.” From the length (20 leagues = 60 miles), presumably Isla Isabela.
• “Ce jourd'hui, 8 de juin 1690, à Isle de Carenache du Flessingais, qui est en latitude de un degré et seize minutes sud [1°16' S.] et deux cent huit ante et quatre degrés de longitude [284° (Paris) = 286°20' (Greenwich) = 73°40' W].” The latitude suggests Isla Santa María. The source of the longitude error is unknown. The island name may refer to a ship whose captain was from Vlissingen (Flushing) in Holland; possibly Edward Davis [See de Lussan].
• (others) Brûlé, Mascarin, Notre Dame, St. Bernabé, Verte.

The following excerpt is from the cited document published in 1861:

Letters from Passed Midshipmen Maury and Godon
To HON. DUTEE J. PEARCE, House of Representatives, Washington.
FREDERICKSBURG, Va., December 26, 1834
DEAR SIR: Your friendly letter, of the 25th inst., lays open before me. It affords me pleasure to give you all the facts within my reach, which may bear upon the subject of the memorial alluded to.
(more)
By the testimony of other navigators, and the concurring result of my own astronomical observations, I found many places along the coast mislocated on our charts, which were of the most recent publication, and compiled by the most approved hydrographers.

Extract from my note book.

CALLAO, May, 1832.
. . . “Captain Swain, of the Mercury, and Chase, of the Leda, (whalers,) say that Norfolk Island, Gallapagos group does not exist. The chart places it thirty-four miles from Cholam [sic, Chatham] Isle. They sailed from Cholam Isle in search of it; the day was perfectly clear; could see twenty-five miles around; they did not see Norfolk Island. . . .
Yours, respectfully, &c.,
M.F. MAURY
Passed Midshipman U.S. Navy.

NOTE: The unidentified chart may be the 1808 Aaron Arrowsmith chart which places Norfolk about 34 miles from Chatham, as seen in this detail view. The actual distance, however, is about 52 miles (from the peak of Norfolk/Santa Cruz to Kicker Rock vicinity). Norfolk's 2800-foot peak is visible for some 60 miles, so it is unclear why the captains didn't see it, unless they were just out of range, somewhat east of Kicker Rock. However, the claim that they “could see twenty-five miles around” suggests they were better at whaling than at navigation. To see that distance, they would have had to be at the top of a mast more than 450 feet high. No doubt they were sailing tall ships, but surely not that tall.

The author identifies the persons associated with various English names assigned by Cowley, Colnett and others. Although generally informative, there is some confusion over the identities of several islands, as noted here:

• Bindloe “was named by Cowley in 1684, apparently after Sir Robert Byndloss, brother-in-law of Henry Morgan.”
  • In fact, the name does not appear in any known Cowley ms., but is introduced as “Bindlos's” in the printed edition of his journal. The island is identified as Capt John [not Sir Robert] Bindlos Island in William Hacke's General Draught ….
• Brattle “… is said by several writers to have been named by Cowley after a Nicholas Brattle. He is reputed to have been a member of the Jamaican Council or House of Assembly but this seems unlikely for the name Brattle does not appear in the Jamaican official records for the period.”
  • The name “Brattles” appears for the first time in Morgan MS. 3310, and the island is identified as Mr. Nicholas Brattles Island in Hacke's General Draught ….
• Charles “It appears that the island was inadvertently renamed Hood Island (Española) by Colnett in 1793 (Burney, 1816). Cowley evidently did not record the name or location of the large island now known as Charles Island (Santa María or Floreana). Colnett mistook this island for the original King Charles's Island and gave the name Hood Island to what he supposed to be an unnamed feature.”
  • Actually, Cowley's Charles Island is the present Isla San Cristóbal, which Colnett inadvertently renamed as Chatham (not Hood) Isle. Colnett also assigned the name Charles to the present Isla Floreana, and gave the name Hood to the present Isla Española, which at the time was an unnamed island, not an unnamed feature of some other location.
• Eure's “Another possibility is that the island was named after Ralph, eighth Baron Eure.”
  • The name appears for the first time in Morgan Ms. 3310, and the island is identified as Mr. William [not Lord Ralph] Eures Island in Hacke's General Draught … . Since Morgan Ms. 3310 marks the first appearance of both Eures and Peyps [sic] Island—previously identified by Cowley himself as Sibbel de Wards (ie, the present Falkland Islands)―it's quite possible that the former name honors Samuel Pepys' clerk, Will Hewer. Pepys often spells his last name as Eure, Ewre, etc.

See James Burney section for his actual account, and William Hacke 1687 listing for more details on several island names cited above.

A booklet with 14 sketch maps of tourist sites.

The ten sketches of The Encantadas were sequentially published in Putnam's Monthly Magazine as indicated in the table. Although credited to “Salvator R. Tarnmoor” in the magazine, Melville's authorship was well-known.

Volume III, 1854	No.	pages	Sketches
March	XV.	311-319	First – Fourth
April	XVI.	345-355	Fifth – Eighth [but labeled Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth]
May	XVII.	460-466	Ninth, Tenth [but labeled Tenth, Eleventh]
The mis-labeled sketch numbers appear in brackets in the text on this website.

The x/y pagination given here indicates the pages in the Putnam/Grabhorn editions.

p. 319/33 (Sketch Fourth). “Still south of James's Isle lie Jervis Isle, Duncan Isle, Crossman's Isle, Brattle Isle, Wood's Isle, Chatham Isle, .. But not far from these are rather notable isles-Barrington, Charles's, Norfolk, and Hood's.” (Italics added to show that “Wood's” is not “Hood's.”)
p. 349/55 (Sketch Eighth). The last verse (“Each … dead.”) does not appear in the Putnam edition. It was added when The Encantadas was published as part of Melville's The Piazza Tales.
p. 460/78 (Sketch Ninth). “Southeast of Crossman's Isle lies Hood's Isle, or McCain's Beclouded Isle.” (“Southeast of …” in Putnam edition, but “To Southeast of …” in Grabhorn edition. The position and text description indicate island is actually Santa María. McCain's identity is unknown.
p. 463/89 (Sketch Ninth). Compare Melville's version of Patrick Watkins' “Fatherless Oberlus” letter with the original version in David Porter's Journal. Also compare his account of Watkins' fate with those of Porter and Coulter.

Menzies' Journal entries for January 27 through February 13, 1795 describe the approach of HMS Discovery to Galápagos and its passage southward between Islas Darwin and Wolf, then between Fernandina and Isabela. Menzies makes it clear that only the latter island (Albemarle in his ms.) was actually visited. The ms. is a contemporary copy of the original journal, as indicated by a watermark in the paper dated 1798. [The preceeding and concluding parts of the ms. are held by the British Library (Add MS 32641).]

p. 128. “Mr Möller and Sonny tried to shoot sea-lions on a small island called Jensen Island.”

Moll's “Middle Part of America” map appears with minor variations in original and reprint editions of Dampier's New Voyage. The variant in the 1999 Hummingbird Press reprint is stated to be from Esquemeling's History of the Buccaneers, but is in fact from Captain Samuel Johnson's The History of the Pyrates, volume II. The author's name is thought to be a pseudonym of Daniel Defoe. The reprint offers no explanation why the map (which lacks Dampier's route) was taken from a book other than Dampier's own New Voyage, and the editor does not respond to inquiries about this.

In “Marine Sites and their Respective Categories” (pp. 110-11, 3rd edition), a numbered list includes the following:

  24: Roca Don Ferdi (Don Ferdi Rock). Buceo con tanque [dive with tank].
  61: Roca Orca, Floreana (Champion). Buceo con tanque.

No further identification is given, and Don Ferdi's last name is unknown. Pending further information, it is assumed here that divers have given the former name to Roca Bainbridge #8. Notwithstanding “(Champion)” in the above listing, the “Sitios de Visita Marinos” map in the book shows Roca Orca to the southeast of Isla Watson (3rd edition only, inside rear cover, #61). Approximate coordinates are 90.254142° W, 1.381758° S.

The author's recollections of a 1973 trip from Santa Monica to Isla Baltra in a single-engine plane, in company with four colleagues best described as “socially challenged.” They visit the islands on the Bronzewing, with a captain who is every bit as unpleasant as his passengers.

Moorepark's map shows Albemarle and surrounding islands, together with a sketch of the S. S. Arcturus. James Island is misnamed as Bartholomew Island and Santa Cruz is labeled Santiago. Moorepark's relationship to the ship is uncertain, pending further research. The map was acquired by the Library of Congress in 1926.

p. 125. “Thirteen of these islands … have been named as follows: … Tower's … .”

The plates apparently appeared first in the German Brehms Tierleben, with the names of the artist and engraver (left and right, at bottom). In the subsequent English edition, the artist's last name, followed by an illegible word, and the engraver's full name are erased, as may be noted by traces of the erasure. The German “Elefanten schildkröte” (Elephant Tortoise) is replaced by “Giant Tortoises of the Galapagos Islands.” (Hover over magnifying-glass icon to view.) In the engraver's name; X. J. v. K. Jahrmargt, the significance of the first three initials is unknown.

For reasons unknown, Sir John's last name was—and still is—frequently spelled “Narborough” despite the fact that he signed himself “Narbrough” (see sample below). To add to the confusion, the title page of An Account of Several Late Voyages & Discoveries … also lists him as “Narborough” even though he is “Narbrough” in his Journal included in that volume.

For reasons unknown, the author makes the following preposterous claims about the maps in his book:

p. 6. “One of these bold seamen, Hugh Liborges, made a map of the group, a rough, unfinished drawing.”
p. 7. “The map at page 95 is, in its general outline and main details, based upon late surveys of Charles Island.”

The former is in fact an 1816 revision by James Burney of a 1699 map by Herman Moll. Newberry removed Burney's attribution to Ambrose Cowley, but does not further identify Liborges, nor explain why he credited this imaginary character with creating this well-known map.

The latter appears to be an original creation, apparently by book illustrator F. A. Anderson.

Editor and Publisher of the Niles Weekly Register, Hezikiah Niles printed the obituary of Lieutenant John Cowan, who had died in a duel with Lieutenant John Gamble on James Island, August 10, 1813. There is a 9-page, 2-column biography of Captain David Porter in the same edition, and it is possible that Niles received the details of the duel from Captain Porter himself. The Supplement to Volume Seven is undated, but since the Volume covers the period September 1814 – March 1815, the Supplement was probably published in March or shortly thereafter.

Pages 53-60 of Nickerson's ms. describe his visit to Galápagos in October, 1820. Two locations are described:
(p. 55/132) “We gained an anchorage at Hoods Island. … We anchored in five fathoms water. On the northwest part of the island there is a small bay called Stephens Bay. … Hoods Island is in 1 deg:20m south lattitude and 89deg:40m west longitude.”
(p. 58/135) “We now directed our way towards Charles Island, one of the same groupe. … There is an excellent harbour on the southwest side of the island.”

x/y pagination indicates page in manuscript and in 2000 Reprint edition. Assuming the first anchorage was indeed at Hoods Island (the modern Española), Nickerson probably meant Gardner Bay. (Stephens Bay is on the northern side of Isla San Cristóbal.) The “excellent harbour on the southwest side” of Charles Island (Santa María) is probably Post Office Bay, on the northwest side of the island.

The log of the whaler Hector contains these entries:

• 2 June, 1835: James Isle bearing NE dist. 5 miles.
• 3 June, 1835: Steering in for Breakfast Isle at 2pm let go the anchor in 18 fathoms of water.

From this, it would appear that Breakfast Isle is the modern Isla Rábida. See Island Notes for additional information.

“Captain Tomás Geraldino served at Callao Naval Dept. as Commanding Office of frigate Leibre. Mazarredo could refer to Admiral José de Mazarredo, Spanish Navy.”

1570. Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (“Theatre of the World”). Ortelius published the first edition of this atlas in 1570. The first plate, Typus Orbis Terrarum, is a world map based on Mercator's Nova et aucta… published the previous year. The Ortelius plate shows two island groups, in a SouthWest/NorthEast orientation, with a single “y^e de los Galopegos” legend between them. The upper group is probably the present Isla del Coco, off Costa Rica.

Americae Sive Novi Orbis, Nova Descriptio. This plate in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum shows North and South America and the Galápagos Islands. It was revised from time to time, with the following variations noted:

1570. The SouthWest group is labeled Inf: de los galopegos. while the NorthEast group is Inf: de los galepegos.
1579. The 1570 nomenclature is preserved on this edition.
1587. The SouthWest group retains its Inf: de los galopegos. legend, while the NorthEast group is renamed as Inf: de Cocos.

As far as is known, the dual appearance of the name with slightly different spellings and its subsequent correction on the 1587 edition has not been noted in the literature.

1584. Peruviae Auriferae Regionis Typus. This plate was added to the Atlas in 1584 [not 1574, as cited by von Hagen, Slevin and others.] It shows Isolas de Galapagos as one large island and two small satellite islands.

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Some sources (von Hagen, Slevin and others) cite Ortelius as the first to put the legend Galápagos on a map, even though the Mercator Nova et aucta . . . map (the celebrated “Mercator Projection” of 1569) predates it by one year.

An undated vellum sea chart from an anonymous source shows “ys. de Galapagos” in a style that suggests it may be even earlier than Mercator, but this possibility has not been verified.

Authority for Ortelius chronology is van den Broecke, Ortelius Atlas Maps: An Illustrated Guide.

On most if not all copies of the first (1983) edition, a sticker with “National Literary Guild, Inc.” has been pasted over “Great Western Publishing Co.” on the title page, copyright page, and rear cover. The Library of Congress Online Catalog indicates the latter is the actual publisher. This edition lacks an index and has fewer illustrations than (and some of which are different from) the 1993 edition. The latter edition has a poorly-done index.

The author's description of yacht visits during the three decades ending in 1964 is an interesting, though often confused and inaccurate, resource for researchers interested in this time period. Unfortunately, her coverage of the three centuries before that repeats most errors found elsewhere, and introduces several new ones, such as the following (p. x/y = 1983/1993 pagination):

p. 300/251: “The island of Floreana had acquired a new name—People Eater Island… No doubt Sarah [ie, Sarah Saydee] Reiser's disappearance in 1964 served as a reminder of the island's sinister past.”

Presumably, this is the author's own invention; there is no known source for a People Eater Island other than in her own books. Elsewhere though, Mrs. Otterman is quite perceptive, as in her assessment of Richard Maury's The Saga of “Cimba,” where she catches this author's inaccurate descriptions of Heinz and Harry Wittmer's hair styles, and most other errors. As she puts it, Maury “… was endowed with either a poor memory or a vivid imagination… .”

The digital bathymetry data set combines all available depth soundings collected over the past 30 years with high resolution marine gravity information provided by the Geosat, ERS-1/2, and Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeters. It is available on-line from the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

The sea-floor topography is presented in two- and three-dimensional views to enhance different aspects of the submarine relief. In the two-dimensional map, depth is represented in color, and the 100-m and 400-m isobaths are drawn as black and red contours, respectively. In the three-dimensional map, the vertical scale (depth) has been greatly exaggerated to illustrate the very steep topography along the western and southern margins of the archipelago, and the isolated nature of several peaks flanking the main group of islands along its northern margin. These peaks represent the tips of submarine volcanos, some of which have emerged to become the islands we presently know as Darwin, Wolf, Pinta, Marchena and Genovesa. Also evident is the submarine canyon between the islands of Isabela and Santiago, oriented on a NW-SE direction. Notice that the horizontal scale is about 780 km, while the vertical scale is just under 4,000 m. The maps were generated with Matlab v. 5.3.—© 2001, Daniel Palacios.

After the murder of Manuel J. Cobos on Isla San Cristóbal, workers on his plantation seized the ship Josefina Cobos, renamed it Libertad, and sailed for the mainland, arriving at Cabo Manglares, Colombia. Here, the 78 men and 8 women were detained and then sent to Guayaquil on the British ship Ecuador. A postcard with R. Pazmiño's February 19, 1904 photo shows the workers on a Guayaquil dock. See Jacob Lundh's Galápagos: A Brief History (Chapter 10: “Valdizán and Cobos”) for further details.

After moving to England in 1864, the Italian caricaturist published several hundred cartoons in Vanity Fair, including the four works listed here:

Subject	Series	Date of Issue	Issue Number
Samuel Wilberforce	Statesmen No. 25	July 24, 1869	No. 98
Thomas Huxley	Men of the Day No. 19	Jan. 28, 1871	No. 117
Charles Darwin	Men of the Day No. 33	Sep. 30, 1871	No. 152
Richard Owen	Men of the Day No. 57	Mar. 1, 1873	No. 226

The enclosed notes suggest Perkins sent these letters to himself, perhaps as a test of the postal service between Galápagos and the United States. The Chatham date may be an error though; The Hancock Expedition was at Barrington (Isla Santa Fe) on January 26, and at Chatham (San Cristóbal) the following day.

p. 317. “L'ile Dower est située par 0°19'30'' … .”

[From the Appleton edition, p. 267]: “Subjoined is a table of the various islands, arranged in order of size, and with their respective English and Spanish names.” Below: The Galápagos Archipelego map (Fig. 103) is unique in that it includes island names {in braces} seen on the 1794 Cruz Doblado chart, but not elsewhere. Errors are in brackets, italics indicates name on map but not in original table.

Albemarle; Isabella [sic, Isabela]. Indefatigable; [Infatiguable; Chalvez], {Tierra de Valdez};     Duke of Norfolk, Santa Cruz; [Santiago]. Narborough; Fernandina. James; Santiago; San Salvador; {Tierra de Gil}. Chatham; Grande; San Cristobal. Charles; Mascarin; Floreana; Santa Maria. Hood; Española.

Bindloe; Marchena; {Torres}. Abingdon; Pinta; {Geraldino}. Tower; Genovesa. Culpeper; [Jervis, Rabida]; {Guerra}. Wenman; Nuñez; Gasna [sic, {Nuñez Gaona}]. Barrington; Santa Fe. Duncan; Pinzon. Brattle. Islote Redondo; Roca Redonda.

Since both Galápagos maps show the 1892 official names (Isabela, Fernandina, etc.), it is clear that both editions were published in 1893 or later. The colored map in the French edition was apparently derived from the English-language edition.

 

The following minor variations are noted between the 1935 and 1936 editions:
Year	Spine	Title Page
1935	SATAN CAME TO EDEN Strauch	SATAN CAME TO EDEN by DORA STRAUCH Edited by WALTER BROCKMANN
1936	SATAN CAME TO EDEN As told by Dore Strauch to WALTER BROCKMANN	SATAN CAME TO EDEN The Story of the Galapagos Experiment as told by Dore Strauch to Walter Brockmann

† Dore is presumed to be the correct spelling, as seen in the 1936 edition and also within the text of Als Robinson Auf Galapagos (Ritter) and Floreana Adventure (Wittmer).