The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States. Section V, History and Methods of the Fisheries ... Plates

Whaling Contents Source Whalesite

LIST OF PLATES TO SECTION V.

xvii

(Page references to Volumes I and II of test.)

. . . .

THE WHALE FISHERY.

		Vol.	Page.
183.	Map of the world on Mercator's projection, showing the extent and distribution of the present and abandoned whaling grounds. (Prepared by A. Howard Clark in 1880)	II,	7-23
184.	Fig. 1. The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus).
	Fig. 2. The California gray whale (Rhachianectes glaucus).
	Fig. 3. The North Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera versabilis).
	Fig. 4. The sulphur-bottom whale (Sibbaldius sulfureus).
	Fig. 5. The finback or Oregon finner (Balaenoptera velifera).
	Fig. 6. The Pacific right whale (Eubalaena cullamach).
	Fig. 7. The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).
	From Report U. S. Fish Commission, 1876. Natural History in Section I of this report
185.	Whaling vessels fitting out at New Bedford wharves	II,	232
	From photograph by T. W. Smillie.
186.	Whaling schooner Amelia, of New Bedford, Mass	II,	232
	Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.
187.	Steam whaling-bark Mary & Helen, of New Bedford, Mass. (afterwards the Rodgers, of the Jeannette search expedition)	II,	236
	Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.
188.	Fig. 1: Deck plan and side and interior plan of whaling-schooner Amelia, of New Bedford, Mass. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	234
	Drawings by C. S. Raleigh.
188.	Fig. 2: Deck plan and side and interior plan of whaling-schooner Amelia, of New Bedford, Mass. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	234
	Drawings by C. S. Raleigh.
189.	Fig. 1: Deck plan of whaling-bark Alice Knowles, of Now Bedford, Mass. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	234
	Drawings by C. S. Raleigh.
189.	Fig. 2: Sectional plan of whaling-bark Alice Knowles, of Now Bedford, Mass. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	234
	Drawings by C. S. Raleigh.
190.	Starboard quarter of a whale-ship, showing the manner of transporting the captain's boat and the spare boats. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	243,244
191.	Deck view of whale-boat equipped with apparatus of capture and boat gear (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	241,258
	Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.
192.	Side and interior plan of whale-boat equipped with apparatus of capture, &c. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	241,258
	Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.
193.	Articles of whale-boat gear	II,	240,252
	Fig. 1. Lantern keg containing matches, bread, &o.
	Fig. 2. Boat compass.
	Fig. 3. Water keg.
	Fig. 4. Piggin for bailing water.
	Fig. 5. Waif for signaling.
	Fig. 6. Tub oar crotch.
	Fig. 7. Double oar-look.
	Fig. 8. Large line in line-tub.
	Fig. 9. Knife to cut line when foul.
	Fig. 10. Row-lock.
	Fig. 11. Hatchet to cut line when foul
	Fig. 12. Grapnel to catch line.
	Fig. 13. Drag or drug to retard whale.
	Fig. 14. Canvas nipper to protect hands from running line.

xviii

LIST OF PLATES TO SECTION V.

		Vol.	Page.
194.	Whalemen's harpoons	II,	250
	Fig. 1. Improved harpoon or toggle-iron now in general use.
	Figs.2, 3. First form of toggle-iron made by Lewis Temple.
	Fig. 4. One-flued harpoon with hinged toggle.
	Fig. 5. One-flued harpoon.
	Fig. 6. Two-flued harpoon.
	Fig. 7. Toggle-iron invented by Provincetown whaleman; not in use.
195.	English harpoons.	II,	250
	Fig. 1. Old-style hand-harpoon; now little used.
	Fig. 2. Hand-harpoon in general use about 1857.
	Fig. 3. Hand-harpoon now in general use on Scotch whalers.
	Drawings by Capt. William Adams, Dundee, Scotland.
196.	Fig. 1. English harpoon-gun and gun-harpoon now in use on Scotch whalers	II,	252
	Fig. 2. An early form of English whaling-gun	II,	252
	Figs.3, 4, 5. Mason and Cunningham mounting boat-gun; a recent invention. (Explanation with plate)	II,	252
197.	Fig. 1. Pierce and Cunningham darting-gun; a combined harpoon and lance used largely by Arctic whalemou. (Explanation with plate)	II,	254
	Fig. 2. Cunningham and Cogan gun; length, 33 inches; weight, 27 pounds; used by Arctic steam whalers with bomb lance	II,	253
	Fig. 3. Brand muzzle-loading whaling-gun and bomb lance	II,	253,254,255
198.	Figs.1, 2, 3, 4. Pierce bomb-lance. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	254,267
	Fig. 5. Pierce and Eggers breech-loading gun. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	253,267
199.	Whaling rocket. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	254
200.	Boat fastened to whale by harpoon and line; killing the whale with bomb lance.	II,	262, 267
	From painting by J. S. Ryder.
201.	Natives harpooning the beluga, or white whale, at Cook's Inlet, Alaska	II,	61
	Drawing by H. W. Elliott, 1883.
202.	Aleuts planting glass, obsidian, and jade darts in a school of humpback whales at Akoon Island, Bering Sea	II,	61,62
	Drawing by H. W. Elliott, 1883.
203.	Makah Indians whaling at entrance to Fuca Straits	II,	62
	Drawing by H. W. Elliott, 1883.
204	Cutting in the bowhead and sperm whales. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	277,286
	Drawings by Capt. C. M. Scammon and Capt. W. M. Barnes.
205.	Fig. 1. Boat spade to stop running whale	II,	264
	Fig. 2. Narrow cutting spade or thin boat spade	II,	281
	Fig. 3. Flat or round shank spade.	II,	281
	Fig. 4. Cutting spade for scarfing blubber	II,	281
	Fig. 5. Cutting spade for leaning up	II,	281
	Fig. 6. Half-round spade	II,	281
206.	Cutting blocks and tackle. (Explanation on page following plate)	II,	277-281
207.	A ship on the northwest coast of America cutting in her last right whale	II,	277
	Drawing by H. W. Elliott from French lithograph designed by B. Russell, of New Bedford.
208.	"Bailing in the case" of a sperm whale	II,	277
	Drawing by H. W. Elliott from French lithograph designed by B. Russell, of New Bedford.
209.	Fig. 1. Blubber mincing-knife.
	Fig. 2. Boarding-knife.
	Fig. 3. Monkey-belt.
	Fig. 4. Wooden toggles.
	Fig. 5. Chain-strap.
	Fig. 6. Throat-ohain.
	Fig. 7. Fin toggle.
	Fig. 8. Head-strap.
	Fig. 9. Blubber-hook.
210.	Whale-ships at New Bedford wharf; ship hove down for repairs; oil-casks	II,	289,290
	From photograph by II. S. Fish Commission.

THE BLACKFISH AND PORPOISE FISHERY.

211.	Capture of a school of blackfish in Cape Cod Bay	II,	295,307
	Drawing by H. W. Elliott from a sketch by J. S. Ryder.
212.	Indian porpoise huntors of Passamaquoddy Bay. Canoe, rifle, and lance for capture of porpoise.	II,	308
	From photograph by T. W. Smillie.
213.	Passamaquoddy Bay Indians lancing and securing a porpoise	II,	308
	From photograph by T. W. Smillie.

. . . .

Plate 183

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Map of the world on Mercator's projection, showing the extent and distribution of the present and abandoned whaling grounds.

(Prepared by A. Howard Clark in 1880)

Plate 184

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Outlines of Whales in the Fishery

Outlines from Scammon's Marine Mammalia.

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[Go to an expanded & annotated view of this image.]

Fig. 1. The Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus).

Fig. 2. The California Gray Whale (Rhachianectes glaucus).

Fig. 3. The North Pacific Humpback (Megaptera versabilis).

Fig. 4. The Sulphur-bottom (Sibbaldius sulfurens).

Fig. 5. The Bowhead (Balaena mysticetus).

Fig. 6. The Fin-back or Oregon Finner (Balaenoptera velifera).

Fig. 7. The Pacific Right Whale (Balaena japonica).

Plate 185

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Whaling vessels at New Bedford wharves.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.232.)
From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Plate 186

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Whaling schooner Amelia, of New Bedford, Mass.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.232.)
Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.

Plate 187

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Steam whaling bark Mary & Helen,
of New Bedford, Mass.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.236.)
Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.

Plate 188-1

Deck plan and side and interior plan of the whaling schooner Amelia, of New Bedford, Mass.

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Deck plan of the
whaling schooner Amelia, of New Bedford, Mass.
95.44 tons.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p. 234.)
Drawing hy C. S. Raleigh.

[Go to an expanded view of this image with labels.]

Fig. 1. Deck plan. –

1,	Heel of bowsprit.	17,	After hatch.
2,	Paul-bitt.	18,	Galley or cook's office.
3,	Windlass and bitts.	19,	Deck-steps (small ladders leading from the main deck to the cabin deck).
4,	Forecastle companion.	20,	Cabin skylight.
5,	Fluke-chain bitt.	21,	Cabin companion.
6,	Foremast.	22,	Binnacle.
7,	Cable boxes.	23,	Steering wheel.
8,	Try-pots.	24,	Steering screw box.
9,	Try-works.	25,	Fore channels.
10,	Chimneys or try-works pipes.	26,	Main Channels.
11,	Cooler.	27,	Cutting-in gangway.
12,	Scrap-hopper.	28,	Whale boats on the cranes.
13,	Main hatch.	29,	Skids for spare boats.
14,	Fore-sheet block.	30,	Boat davits.
15,	Mainmast.	31,	Cat-heads.
16,	Pumps.

Plate 188-2

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Side and interior plan of the
whaling schooner Amelia, of New Bedford, Mass.
95.44 tons.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p. 234.)
Drawing hy C. S. Raleigh.

[Go to an expanded view of this image with labels.]

Fig. 2. Side and interior plan. –

1,	Bowsprit.	18,	Mainmast.
2,	Paul-bitt.	19,	After hatch.
3,	Windlass and bitts.	20,	Galley.
4,	Forecastle companion.	21,	Cabin skylight.
5,	Foremast.	22,	Cabin companion.
6,	Forecastle.	23,	Side whale boat.
7,	Chain cable box.	24,	Steering screw box.
8,	Try-pots.	25,	Stern whale boat.
9,	Try-works.	26,	Spare spars, oars, &c.
10,	Chimney and flue.	27,	Boat davits.
11,	Main hatch.	28,	Boat bearers.
12,	Locker for coal.	29,	Main hold.
13,	Casks for oil.	30,	Cat-head.
14,	Ship stores, gear, &c.	31,	Cutting blocks, gear, &c.
15,	Captain's store-room.	32,	Pumps.
16,	Captain's cabin.	33,	Main channels.
17,	Steerage.	34,	Fore channels.

Plate 189-1

Deck Plan and sectional plan of whaling bark Alice Knowles, Of New Bedford, Mass.

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Fig. 1.
THE WHALE FISHERY.
Deck Plan of whaling bark Alice Knowles,
of New Bedford, Mass.
302.78 Tons.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.234.)
Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.

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Fig. 1. Deck plan.

1,	Heel of bowsprit.	17,	Pumps.
2,	Paul-bitt.	18,	Deck-house.
3,	Cat-heads.	19,	Spare boats.
4,	Windlass and bitts.	20,	Galley.
5,	Forecastle companions.	21,	Mizzen-mast.
6,	Fluke-chain bitt.	22,	Cabin skylight.
7,	Foremast.	23,	After deck house.
8,	Fore hatch.	24,	Wheel and screw box.
9,	Try-pots.	25,	Fore channels.
10,	Try-works.	26,	Main channels.
11,	Cooler.	27,	Cutting-in gangway.
12,	Scraphopper.	28,	Whale boats on cranes for active service.
13,	Work-bench.	29,	Boat-davits.
14,	Chimney and flue.	30,	Mizzen-chains.
15,	Main hatch.	31,	Bit (for the belly-chain of the whale).
16,	Mainmast.

Plate 189-2

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Fig. 2.
THE WHALE FISHERY.
Sectional plan (side and interior)
of whaling bark Alice Knowles,
of New Bedford, Mass.
302.78 Tons.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.234.)
Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.

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(Scale one-sixteenth inch to foot.)

1, Bowsprit. 21. Galley.

2, Paul-bitt. 22, Skids for spare boats.

3, Cat-head. 23, Mainmast.

4, Windlass and bitts. 24, Mizzentmast.

5, Figure-head. 25, After house.

6, Forecastle companion. 26, Boat davits.

7, Hawse-chocks. 27, Whale boats.

8, Foremast. 28, Boat bearers.

9, Forecastle. 29, Main hatch.

10, Fore hold shooks, gear, &c. 30, Fore hatch.

11, Casks for oil (riders). 31, Booby hatch.

12, Casks for oil (between decks). 32, Cabin skylight.

13, Fore 'tween decks. 33, Wheel and screw box.

14, Blubber room. 34, Cranes for boats.

15, Try-works. 35, Lower main hold.

16, Steerage. 36, After 'tween deck.

17, Chain locker and pumps. 37, Fore channels.

18, After hold (stores, gear, &c.). 38, Main channels.

19, After peak (captain's stores, &c). 39, Mizzen channels.

20, Captain's cabin.

Plate 190

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Manner of transporting whale-boats on the vessels.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 243, 244.)

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STARBOARD QUARTER OF A WHALE SHIP SHOWING THE MANNER OF TRANSPORTING THE CAPTAIN'S BOAT AND THE SPARE BOATS.

a.	Whale-boat on cranes transported to whaling grounds.
b, b, b.	Bearers against which the inboard side of boat rests,
c, c.	Crane upon which keel of boat rests.
d, d.	Davits,
e, e.	Hoisting straps.
f, f.	Davit-tackle falls for hoisting and lowering.
g, g.	Gripes for lashing boat to prevent chafing.
h, h.	Iron cranes to hold boat in position.
i.	Spare boat on skids or gallows' frame.
j.	End of skid resting on stanchion.
k.	Lashing to hold boat in position.
l, l, l, l.	Shrouds.
m, m,m, m.	Backstays; topmast, topgallant, and royal backstays.
n.	Main brace.
p, p, p, p, p.	Running rigging.
q.	Mizzen-mast.
r, r.	Ratlines.
s.	Spanker boom,
t.	Spanker jackstay.
u.	Channels.
v.	Chain plates.

Plate 191

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Deck view of whale-boat ready for the chase.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp.241, 258.)
Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.

[Go to an expanded view of this image with labels.]

[Scale 3/8 inch to foot. Parts of boats (designated by figures and, utensils by letters.]

1,	Bow-chocks through which tow-line runs when fast to a whale.
2,	Lance straightener; a slot in gunwale for straightening bent irons.
3, 3,	Top or false chocks, nailed on gunwhales.
4,	Box of boat.
5,	Clumsy-cleat or thigh thwart used by boat-steerer to steady himself during the capture.
6,	Shackle or iron strap, for hoisting and lowering the boat to and from the ship.
7, 7, 7,	Timbers of boat.
8,	Platform (forward) upon which boat-steerer and officer stand when striking and working a whale.
9, 9,	Risings, or top board of ceiling, on which the thwarts are placed and nailed.
10,	Harpooner thwart.
11, 11, 11, 11,	Knees on all thwarts.
12, 12, 12, 12,	Dunnage for all thwarts; the main thwart (16) is dunnage all tbo way across.
13, 13, 13,	Boat ceiling (inside planking); the bottom of boat.
14, 14, 14, 14,	Peak cleats; wooden cleats for the reception of the handles of the oars when apeak; used when fast to a whale, when the oarsmen are resting, &c.
15,	Peak cleat for tubtoar.
16,	Bow thwart; a seat for the bow oarsman.
17,	Mast-hinge and strap, showing mast-hinge block.
18,18,18,	Sail-cleats.
19,	Mid-ship thwart for mid-ship oarsman.
20,	Center-board, box and well.
21,	Gunwales.
22,	Tub thwart for tub oarsman.
23,	After thwart.
24,	Well for bailing boat.
25,	Plug for letting water out of boat when on the cranes.
20,	Platform (aft ) on which officer and boat-steerer stand when steering boat.
27,	Standing cleats upon which officer stands when going on to a whale in order to get a longer view.
28,	Cuddy-board.
29, 29, 29, 29, 29,	Cuddy-boards; cedar boards filling up the stern of boat from the cuddy-board aft to stern-post.
30,	Logger head strip, or lion's tongue.
31,	Logger-head; an upright post with enlarged head, around the neck of which runs the tow-line when fast to a whale and by which the line is managed.
32,	Boat-iron, or shackle, same as 6.
33,	Rudder.
34,	Tiller.
35, 35, 35,	High and low rowlocks (wooden), with holes for the reception of shanks of rowlocks.
36, 36,	Bow-cleats; nailed to gunwales, and used in bowing on a whale, and also as safeguard in case the tow-line should jump from bow-chocks and preventing it from sweeping the boat aft.

A,	First iron, shank resting in bow-chocks and handle in boat-crotch.
B,	Second iron, placed in same position as first iron; the handle of first iron, which is the first instrument used, is placed in the top crotch; the handle of second iron is placed in the lower crotch; the extreme end of tow-line is bent in the eye of the first iron strap; these two irons are known as the live irons or live harpoons.
C, C,	Spare irons on port side of boat above thwarts (the two other spare irous, one on either side of boat under thwarts cannot be shown in this plan).
D, D, D,	Three lances (thrust by hand) on starboard side of boat, used in killing the whale.
E,	Boat spade on starboard side aft.
G,	Harpooner oar.
H,	Bow-oar.
I,	Mid-ship oar.
J,	Tub-oar.
K,	Stroke-oar.
L,	Steering-oar, manipulated by officer of boat when going on to a whale.
M, M, M, M, M ,	Paddles.
N,	Small tub with tow-line coiled down, containing 75 fathoms of line.
O,	Large tub with tow line coiled down, containing 225 fathoms of line.
P, P, P,	Tow-line extending aft from large tub around loggerhead and forward across the thwarts to box of boat (4), where it is coiled and known as box-warp (PP); thence extending to and bent in eye-splice of first iron strap.
Q, Q,	Mast and sail.
R,	Steering-oar brace.v
S,	Lashing or strap for handle of steering-oar when not in use or fast to a whale.

Plate 192

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Side and interior plan of whale-boat.
Length, 30 feet.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp.241, 258.)
Drawing by C. S. Raleigh.

[Go to an expanded view of this image with labels.]

1,	Bow, chock, and roller.
2,	Clumsy cleat, and hoisting eyebolt.
3,	Crotch for bow harpoon irons.
4,	Harpooner thwart.
5,	Paddles.
6,	Harpoon irons, lances on opposite side.
7,	Rowlocks for oars.
8,	Bow thwart.
9,	Midship thwart.
10,	Tub thwart.
11.	After thawrt.
12,	Boat spades and waifs (i.e., small flags to locate dead whale).
13,	Lantern keg.
14,	Piggin (for bailing boat, &c.).
15.	Rudder.
16,	Rowlock for steering, oar.
17.	Hoisting eyebolt.
18,	Tiller.
19,	Loggerhead.
20,	Boom for sail
21,	Center case (small tub for 75 fathom-line other side).
22,	Large tub for whale line, 225 fathoms.
23,	Gaff for sail.
24,	Mast for sail.
25,	Keel and floor timbers.
23,	Main sheet.
27,	Gunwale streak plank, 9 inches in widest part, generally colored blue in new boats. Timbers of boat of this size, about 6 inches apart (generally).
28,	Center-board partly down.
29,	Boat's ceiling.

Note. – Oars omitted on this draft, full length being given on front and interior plan.

Plate 193

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Articles of whale-boat gear.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp.240,252.)

[Go to an expanded view of this image with labels.]

Fig. 1,	Lantern keg containing matches, bread, tobacco, &c.
Fig. 2,	Compass.
Fig. 3,	Keg for fresh water.
Fig. 4,	Piggin for bailing.
Fig. 5,	Waif for signaling.
Fig. 6,	Tub-oar crotch, ships through cleat in gunwale, to clear oar from the line when fast to whale.
Fig. 7,	Double oar-lock used when propelling the boat and for same as tub-oar crotch.
Fig. 8,	Large line in line-tub.
Fig. 9,	Knife for cutting line when foul.
Fig. 10,	Rowlock.
Fig. 11,	Hatchet for cutting line, cutting poles out of whales, &c.
Fig. 12,	Grapnel for catching line.
Fig. 13,	Drag, or drug, for bending on drug-iron to retard movements of whales.
Fig. 14,	Canvas nipper to protect hands when handling line.

Plate 194

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Harpoons.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.250.)

[Go to an expanded view of this image with labels.]

Fig. 1.	Improved harpoon or toggle-iron now in general use.
Fig. 2,3.	First forms of toggle-irons made by Lewis Temple.
Fig. 4.	"One-flued" harpoon with hinged toggle.
Fig. 5.	"One-flued" harpoon.
Fig. 6.	"Two-flued" harpoon.
Fig. 7.	Provincetown toggle-iron; not now in use.

Plate 195

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
English Harpoons.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.250.)
Drawings by Capt. William Adams, of Dundee, Scotland.

Fig. 1.	Old style of hand-harpoon now little used.
Fig. 2.	Hand-harpoon in general use about 1857.
Fig. 3.	Hand-harpoon now most in use on the Scotch whaling steamers.

Plate 196

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
English and American swivel guns.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.252.)

WHALING GUNS.

Fig. 1,	English harpoon-gun and gun-harpoon ow in use on the Scotch whalers.
Fig. 2,	An early form of English whaling-gun.
Figs. 3, 4, 5,	Mason and Cunningham mounting boat-gun.

Fig. 3 is a perspective of the gun mounted in the bow of the whale-boat, ready for use; Fig. 4 is a top view of the gun and the casting C and trunnions; and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the box E, which is fixed in the clumsy cleat B of the boat A, at E. In Fig. 5 the parts e and f are of metal, and d' is of some elastic substance. The gun is mounted at C on the standard D, which passes through the cushion-blocks E and enteres the floor at D'. In Fig. 4 bb are the trunions, which are supported by the slides a, a. Rubber cushions d, d are placed around the slides a, a and at the rear of the trunnions d,d. The operation of the apparatus is a follows: The harpoon H, with line o' attached, is loaded into the muzzle. When the gun is fired, the force of the recoil is caught on the cushions dd, shown in Fig. 4, and partially by the cushion in Box E, Fig. 5, thus converting the sudden blow of a recoil into a push.

Plate 197

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Darting and Shoulder Guns.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 253, 254.)

1,	Darting gun.
>2,	Cunningham and Cogan gun.
3,	Brand muzzle-loading bomb-gun.

Fig. 1. Pierce and Cunningham dartiug gun and bomb-lance. A combined harpoon and lance used largely by Arctic whalemen.

a. Gun-metal barrel about 20 inches long.
B. Ordinary harpoon pole, fitted into brass socket (c).
b. Breech-pin and lock-case.
C. Harpoon with whale-line (E) attached; and set in projections (d, d) on the gun.
d. Bomb-lance fired from barrel (a).
The harpoon entering the blubber brings the long wire rod (g) in contact with the whale and releases the trigger.
F. Lever for cocking the gun.
h. Line by which the gun is hauled back to the boat.

Improved forms of darting guns have since been invented aud will be illustrated in the Section on Apparatus of The Fisheries.

Fig. 2. Cunningham and Cogan gun; length, 33 inches; weight, 27 pounds. Used by Arctic steam whalers with bomb lance.

Fig. 3. Brand muzzle-loading whaling-gun (a) and bomb-lance (b).

Plate 198

Bomb Lance and Breech-Loading Whaling-Gun.

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Pierce and Egger's breech-loading
bomb-gun and Pierce bomb-lance.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p. 253.)

BOMB LANCE AND BREECH-LOADING WHALING-GUN.

Figs. 1,2,3,4 The Pierce bomb-lance. The figures illustrating the lance are from the drawings accompanying the specification of the patent, and the significance of some of the letters will not be explained here. Fig. 1 shows the lance with the wings (O) closed hy a metal ring showing the arrangement when the implement is loaded in the gun. Fig. 2 represents the lance with wings expanded, the true position during flight. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the tail-piece with the wings open, and Fig. 4 a cross-section of the same showing the wings closed. The fuse is ignited by a percussion cap. The cap is placed on the nipple (E, Fig. 1) of the fuse tube (D) backward through the fuse-plug and communicates with the magazine (A). A metallic hammer or plunger (H) is held by a wooden pin (G). The concussion of the explosion of the charge when the gun is fired breaks the pin and releases the hammer, which, violently striking the percussion cap, explodes it and fires the fuse.

Fig. 5. Pierce and Egger's breech-loading gun; length, 36 1/2 inches; weight, 24 pounds. The gun in most common use.

"To load the gun the lever (c) is raised, the thumb inserted at aperture (d), aud the breech-block thrown down to a, when the cartridge can he readily inserted, the bomb-lance having previously been placed in the barrel from the muzzle. The breech-block is then raised and the gun is ready for use."

Plate 199

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Whaling rocket.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.254.)

Figs. 1,2,3. The projectile consists of a cast-iron shell (Fig. 2), and a rocket with a loop extension (Fig. 3). The shell, 15 inches long, has been detached to show the toggle, which is fastened by two links to the projecting end or shoulder of the rocket. The bomb is filled with peculiar composition said to be known only to the inventors. The rocket is made of brass and the loop extension (bb) of wrought-iron; the total length is 66 inches, and the length of the toggle (a) about 10 inches. When the bomb with its rocket atachmeut (Fig. 3) is loaded in the gun (Fig. 3) which is partially supported by a standard (h), the link (g), with the tow-line (f) attached, hangs from the muzzle. The two rods projecting in the rear fastened to the iron plate, form the hinder part of the gun. The adjustable flange (a) occupies a position parallel to the gun when the gunner takes aim. The fire is communicated to the combustible material in the rocket-chamber by means of a pistol (d) and the issue of gas from the rear of the rocket propels the apparatus. During its flight the shackle (g) and the tow-line (f) take the position shown in Fig. 3. When the bomb explodes in the whale the toggle (a) and chain are released and fasten in the blubber or flesh, preventing the withdrawal of the apparatus. Simultaneously with the discharge of the gun, the flange (a) is thrown up in a vertical position following the path, as represented by the dotted lines (cc), to protect the eyes of the gunner. We shall have occasion to again refer to this apparatus in the account of shore whaling on the Northwest coast.

Plate 200

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Boat fastened to whale by harpoon and line;
killing the whale with bomb-lance.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp.45, 262, 267.)
From painting by J. S. Ryder.

Plate 201

Natives hunting the beluga or white whale,<br />
Cook's Inlet, Alaska.

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Natives hunting the beluga or white whale, Cook's Inlet, Alaska.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p. 61.)
Drawing by H. W. Elliott.

Plate 202

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Aleuts planting glass, obsidian, and jade darts
in a school of humpback whales,
Akoon Island, Bering Sea.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 61, 62.)
Drawing by H. W. Elliott.

Plate 203

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Makah Indians whaling at
entrance to Fuca Straits.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p. 62.)
Drawing by H. W. Elliott.

Plate 204

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Diagram of bowhead and sperm whales,
showing methods of cutting in.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 277-286.)
Drawings by Capt. C. M. Scammon and Capt. W. M. Barnes.

CUTTING IN THE BOWHEAD AND SPERM WHALE.

Figs. 1,2. Diagram of bowhead whale.

A.	Fluke-chain adjusted around the "small" and leadiug to windlass-bits.
B.	Fin-chain fastened around the left fin.
C.	Ring of fin-chain into which blubber-hook is fastened to raise fin and blanket piece – the starting point for unwinding the blubber from the whale.
D.	Hole in root of lip into which blubber-hook is inserted to hoist lip on board ship.
F to G.	Scarf to detach and hoist lower lip.
E to H.	Scarf cut from fin below and forward of eye to spout-holes (H) on head.
E to I.	Scarf from fin (E) aft to back of whale (I).
J to K.	Scarf cut in removing blubber while whale is being rolled. The remaining spiral lines indicate final scarfs.
L.	Mortised hole in top of head for head-chain.
M.	The old method of hoisting head by the old head-chain and toggle, the chain being rove through the spout-holes.
M, M.	Figure (2) the new method of hoisting in head of whale by the use of the chain-strapped blocks. Tail of chain rove from H under several feet of blubber to and through the mortised hole at L and coupled to sister-hooks (on lower block).
N.	Cutting made by monkey, with the ax, while overboard, in order to detach the head-bone.
O.	The lower part of the bone, which, being very thin, reqnires light strokes in order to detach it.
P.	Markings showing where the flat-shanked spade is inserted to start the throat-bone in detaching the head.
Q.	Showing (approximately) where the hole is made in the throat in order to haul it on board by the present method.
R.	Dotted lines showing the throat-chain, and toggle and the former method of taking in the throat.
S.	Dotted lines showing where the backbone of whale is severed when taking off blubber in order to lessen the strain on the windlass.
T.	Wide section of blanket piece which is trimmed down by the boarding-knife when boarding blubber.

Fig. 3. Diagram of sperm whale showing method of cutting in. (Further description will be found in the chapter on oil rendering in the Section on Preparation of Fishery Products.)

Plate 205

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Boat-spade and cutting-spades.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 264, 277, 281.)

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Fig. 1.	Boat spado (b) and sheath (a); formerly used to disable a running whale.
Fig. 2.	The narrow-cutting spade or thin boat-spade.
Fig. 3.	The flat or round shank spade used to cut a passage for the "head-strap" to hoist in the head of the right whale or bowhead, and to remove the throat-bone (whalebone).
Fig. 4.	Cutting spade for "scarfing."
Fig. 5.	Cutting spade for "leaning up."
Fig. 6.	Half-round spade.

Plate 206

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Cutting-tackle used in "cutting in" the whale.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 277-281.)

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Fig. 1.	Lower block strapped with rope (a a a), and blubber hook (g), shackled into the grommet (d). The rope beckets (c c c) are used for convenience in handling the block, and the back lashing (h) by tho officer in directing the point of the hook into a hole in the blubber.
Fig. 2.	Upper blocks (b b), guy block (c), pendant shackles (a a), and links.
Fig. 3.	Lower block (b) strapped with chain (d) and sister hooks (c) into which the tail maybe coupled by means of the link (a).
Fig. 4.	Perspective view of cutting-tackle, showing the position it assumes when suspended from the mast-head. It should be guyed out by means of the guy-block and robe (c), and the end of the cutting-falls (e) should lead to the windlass.
Fig. 5.	An implement called the small blubber hook, used to manipulate blubber on the vessel.

Plate 207

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
A ship on the Northwest coast of America
cutting in her last right whale.".

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p. 277.)
Drawing by H. W. Elliott, from a French lithograph
designed by B. Russell, of New Bedford.

Plate 208

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
"Bailing in the case" from head of sperm whale.

Drawing by H. W. Elliott, from a French lithograph
designed by B. Russell, of New Bedford.

Plate 209

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THE WHALE FISHERY.
Tools and implements used in cutting-in whales.

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Fig. 1. Blubber-mincing knife. Fig. 6. Throat-chain.

Fig. 2. Boarding-knife. Fig. 7. Fin-chain.

Fig. 3. Monkey-belt. Fig. 8. Head-strap.

Fig. 4. Wooden toggle. Fig. 9. Blubber-hooks.

Fig. 5. Chain strap.

Plate 210

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Plate 210.
THE WHALE FISHERY.
Whale-ships at New Bedford wharves;
ship hove down for repairs; oil-casks.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 299, 290.)
From a photograph by U. S. Fish Commission.

Plate 211

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THE BLACKFISH FISHERY.
The capture of a school of blackfish in Cape Cod Bay.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp.295, 307.)
Drawing by H. W. Elliott, from a sketch by J. S. Ryder.

Plate 212

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THE PORPOISE FISHERY.
Indian porpoise hunters of Passamaquoddy Bay;
canoe, rifle, and lance for capture of porpoise.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.308.)
From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Plate 213

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THE PORPOISE FISHERY.
Passamaquoddy Bay Indians lancing and securing a porpoise.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, p.308.)
From a photograph by T. W. Smillie.

Source.

George Brown Goode.
The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States.
Section V, History and Methods of the Fisheries ... Plates.
1887.
At head of title page: "United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Spencer F. Baird, Commissioner."
Also on title page: "Prepared through the cooperation of the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of the Tenth Census by George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and a staff of associates."
Also published as: Serial Set Vol. No. 2003, (47th Congress, 1st Session. Vol. No. 11, Misc.Doc. 124, pt. 7.)
288 p.
Maps Illustrations.

This publication may be found at HathiTrust.

Last updated by Tom Tyler, Denver, CO, USA, Dec 24 2022

Whaling Contents Source Whalesite

. . . .

THE WHALE FISHERY.

THE BLACKFISH AND PORPOISE FISHERY.

. . . .

STARBOARD QUARTER OF A WHALE SHIP SHOWING THE MANNER OF TRANSPORTING THE CAPTAIN'S BOAT AND THE SPARE BOATS.

WHALING GUNS.

BOMB LANCE AND BREECH-LOADING WHALING-GUN.

CUTTING IN THE BOWHEAD AND SPERM WHALE.

Plate 210.THE WHALE FISHERY. Whale-ships at New Bedford wharves; ship hove down for repairs; oil-casks. (Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 299, 290.) From a photograph by U. S. Fish Commission.

Whaling Source Whalesite

Plate 210.
THE WHALE FISHERY.
Whale-ships at New Bedford wharves;
ship hove down for repairs; oil-casks.

(Sect. v, vol. ii, pp. 299, 290.)
From a photograph by U. S. Fish Commission.