Sandwich Islands  Contents  Notes  Source  Whalesite

TO THE READER:

It will be observed that various names of persons and towns are often times spelled several different ways. However, the spelling in the original manuscript was followed as nearly as possible and in some instances it was very difficult to read certain passages at all, due to wearing away of the paper.

Mr. and Mrs, Elisha Loomis were among the first missionaries sent by the American Board Commissioners of Foreign Missions to begin Missionary work in the Sandwich, or, as now known, the Hawaiian Islands. Various occupations for the different Missionaries were called for by the Board when they were trying to send out persons with the proper qualifications,

Rev. Asa Thurston and wife, as Missionaries
Rev. Hiram Bingham and wife, as Missionaries
Daniel Chamberlain and wife, as Farmers
Thomas Holman and wife, as Physicians
Samuel Ruggles and wife, as Teachers
Samuel Whitney and wife, as Teachers
Thomas Hopu, William Kanui and John Honoiii, as Hawaiian helpers

And with these Elisha Loomis and wife, as Printers.

All of these first Missionaries were accepted as the First Missionary Company and all of them qualified as Missionaries to the Sandwich Islands. They commenced at once a thorough study of the Hawaiian language and acquaintance with the natives. Elisha Loomis began preparation at once for learning the language and preparing primers to publish. He brought with him a printing press and several fonts of type, but nothing was printed for nearly two years. This Printing press was not unlike the first used in America by Benjamin Franklin, "It was set up in a thatched house standing a few fathoms from the old mission frame house, but was not put in operation until the afternoon of January 7, 1822, "

The following very interesting items are taken from the Hawaiian Historical Society papers of 1908:

"An extract from the Journal of the Missionaries in a manuscript volume in the library of the A. B. C. F. M. is of great interest;

'Monday, January 7, 1822. A day of special interest. Commenced, as the first printing ever done in the Sandwich Islands, the operations of the printing press, having fitted up for the purpose one of the thatched houses built for us by the government. Gov. Cox, who seems to take as friendly and lively an interest in our work as any of the windward chiefs, was present, and assisted with his own hands in composing a line or two and in working a few copies of the first lesson of Owhyhee syllables, having the composing stick put into his hands, and being shown when to take and how to place the types, and then to pull the press."

Hand-bills and leaflets amounting to several thousand copies were printed in this grass house, until, in 1823, the Mission built the little coral building near the old Mission house, in which the later publications were printed for many years.

In 1825, Mr. Loomis informed the American Board that the printing press had become so much worn as to render it impossible to take an even impression and that they did not know how soon it would become worthless.

March 10, 1826, the following report regarding printing operations was made:

"In the course of the year 1825 five small new tracts in the native language were printed, amounting to 59,000 copies, a large proportion of which were distributed during the same period. Of tract No. 1, containing the elementary lessons for spelling and reading, &c., with select passages of scripture, and which made the largest part of the above sum, 41,000 copies were printed, and nearly all distributed over a great portion of the whole extent of the Sandwich Islands. There has been and still is a very great demand for hymns. The second edition (10,000 copies) is now nearly through the press. This will exhaust our paper."

In 1827, the health of Mr. Loomis had been such that he was unable to superintend the press. He returned, therefore, to the United States,

with his family, on January 6, 1827, to regain strength and supervise publication of some of the Gospels.

"The departure of Mr. Loomis rendered it necessary that one of the other brethren should assume the superintendence of the press, and this duty devolved of necessity on Mr. Bingham, who alone had given sufficient attention to the subject to take oversight on the printing."

In 1828, at Rochester, New York, he printed and issued the First, Second and Fourth Gospels in Hawaiian, these being the first books of the Bible completely translated; then, for two years, he was Missionary to the Indians at Mackinaw. He died in 1837.

COPY OF THE JOURNAL OF E. LOOMIS

Mr. and Mrs, Elisha Loomis belonged to the first company of Missionaries coming to the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. Loomis in 1824 made a special tour of the Island Hawaii and has given in this Journal a very valuable record of this trip. He was the printer in charge of the various publications of the Mission.

Oahu, May 17, 1824 — I have been long wishing for an opportunity to visit Hawaii but have heretofore been so occupied that I could not consistently with my duty leave home, I am, however, more at leisure now and an opportunity is offered by the Enterprize; Capt. Ebbet has generously offered to take any of our number who wish to visit either Hawaii or Maui, to both of which places he is bound. He has also kindly engaged to carry such supplies to Lahaina and Kairua as we think proper to send. We have concluded to embrace the opportunity. I shall be accompanied by Mrs. L and our little ones and Mrs. Ellis and one of her children. The health of Mrs. E has long been delicate and she is going to try the benefit of a short voyage by sea, Mr. E is so much occupied at present that he cannot himself accompany his wife. The health of Mrs. E, it is hoped, will be benefited by the voyage and the consequent relaxation from the ten thousand cares of this station. I myself feel the need of some relaxation, though my health is at present tolerably good. There has been no time within two years when I could be so well spared from this station, although the building of my house and the printing of the Marquesian spelling book which I had commenced must be suspended.

May 18 — All things being ready, we took leave of our friends and embarked in the Enterprize, having a strong wind, which quickly carried us from the view of Honoruru. Some of us are already seasick.

May 22 — Lahaina — We landed here this morning and were heartily welcomed by Mr. and Mrs. Richards and by the several chiefs now residing here. We have taken up our lodgings in the house of Mr. Stewart.

Almost as soon as we landed, one of the chiefs Hoopiliwahine sent a present of a hog, ready dressed. She has long been noted for her kindness to the Missionaries here.

While passing along the beach this afternoon, 1 was invited to call upon a Chief of my acquaintance. I entered the house but was astonished to behold him stretched upon a bed, a mere skeleton and apparently near his end. I spoke to him concerning the future world and was agreeably surprised to learn that he had long been in the habit of contemplating his dissolution and had now become reconciled to it, believing in the mercy of the Savior. Mr. Richards informs me that he has been much interested in the case of this Chief and thinks he gives considerable evidence of a change of heart.

Sunday, May 23 — Attended a public worship this morning in the house built for the purpose by the natives. Mr. Richards addressed the people from the words, "How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation". Mr. E has made considerable proficiency in the language. He preaches without notes. We had service again in the afternoon and a sermon from the words, "Remember Lot's Wife". Puaiti, the blind man, of whom I have before spoken, called upon today. He continues to maintain the character of a Christian.

May 24. — A small schooner arrived last evening from Oahu with a message for the Chiefs to immediately proceed to that place in consequence of the dangerous illness of Taumuarii. It is customary when a Chief of importance is sick, for all the principal Chiefs to assemble at the place of his residence, where they remain till the sickness terminates.

I received a present today of twenty flying fish and a bunch of taro from Hoopiliwahine. Mr. R also received a like quantity of each. I have again been to visit Eeta, the sick Chief, whose case I mentioned a few days since. His conversation was very satisfactory, and I could not but indulge the hope that he had found that Savior whose favor is life and whose loving kindness is better than life. He professed a willingness to be in the hands of the Lord to die or to live. A considerable number of Chiefs being present, I made an address to them and then engaged in prayer.

May 25 — Walked over a considerable, part of Lahaina this afternoon in company with Mrs, L and Mr. and Mrs. Richards. The whole place appears to us who dwell on the dusty plain of Honoruru exceedingly beautiful, being covered with cocoanut, bread-fruit, kou,(a beautiful shade tree), bananna and tapa trees. The tapa is a species of the mulberry; sugar cane, maize, potatoes, taro as are cultivated to a considerable extent and add much to the pleasantness of the place. We visited the place which Karaimoku proposed to give Messrs. R and S for their permanent residence. It is a small piece of ground near the sea but unfortunately does not extend quite to it, a row of native houses intervening. This is quite an unpleasant circumstance, as it will very much lesson the beauty and convenience of the spot. The regular sea breeze will be obstructed by these native houses. At this place the full enjoyment of the sea breeze is important as without it the heat is intense.

Soon after our return, I was informed that Ëota was dying. Mr. R and my-

self proceeded immediately to his house. He expired just as we entered the door. A loud wailing, as is usual on such occasions, was immediately set up by the friends who were present. At our request, their lamentations were suspended while we sung a hymn and implored our Heavenly Father to sanctify the afflictive event to us all. The coffin of Eeta was by his own request made several days since and brought to his house. The thought of death did not alarm him. His friends have the comfort and satisfaction of believing that his spirit rests with the Savior.

May 27 — The ship Tarquin, Bunker arrived. Since Capt. B’s last visit to Oahu, he has discovered several small islands not laid down in any chart. One of them is in Lat._____Long.____. A small inclosure was observed on one of them, in which there were a number of graves, but the inscriptions over them were so much defaced that they could not be deciphered. It is supposed they were the graves of some mariners who were wrecked at the island.

The remains of Eeta were this day deposited in a house near where Keopuolani was buried. Mr. R. preached from the words "Let me die the death of the righteous, etc."

May 29 — In company with Mr. Butler and one of the officers of the Enterprize, I made a visit to the Island of Ranai. The channel (which we crossed in Capt. S’s sailboat) is about twelve miles in breadth. Our visit was not pleasant. We saw nothing of importance and returned at evening greatly fatigued .

May 30 — At a late hour last evening a schooner arrived from Oahu, bringing the corpse of Taumuarii, who, it appears, died on Wednesday last. Most of the principal Chiefs came in the same vessel, as did also Mr. Ellis, by their particular request. Taumuarii, as we are informed, manifested a Christian disposition to this last, trusting in the merits of Him who died on Calvary. Previous to his death he assembled the Chiefs and made an affectionate address to them, urging the imporatance of their forsaking their former customs and paying proper regard to the instructions of the Missionaries. He also gave advice concerning his temporal affairs, committing to Karaimoku and Kaahumanu all his property excepting such as had been previously given to the King, with the request that they should pay his debts. He requested that his body might be laid by the side of Keopuolani. His funeral took place today. Mr. E preached from_______. We sung "The Dying Christian" in the native language. It is probable that his body will be kept a considerable time before it is buried. In answer to the question "when do you intend to bury Taumuarii" the Chiefs replied "when our grief has subsided".

In the death of Taumuarii the Mission has lost one of its most steady and persevering friends. He was never influenced by the false and malicious stories which were often propagated respecting the Mission. Towards the Missionaries he ever manifested a kind and obliging disposition.

By his father’s side Taumuarii was descendant from the Kings of Maui but on

his mother’s from the Kings of Tauwai. His father, Kaeo, was king of Maui about the time that Capt. Cooke made his visit to the islands. He made war upon Kiha, king of Tauwai, whom he conquered and took possession of the Island.

June 1 — Capt, Bunker gave us a 60 Gall. cask, which I filled with water to take to Hawaii for the use of the brethren.

While taking a walk a day or two since I noticed a couple of grave stones placed over the remains of two seamen who had been drowned in this port. The following is a part of the inscription on one of them:

June 2 — I intended to have given you a short description of Lahaina before I left the place, but it is now too late, as I am already on board the Enterprise waiting for a wind to proceed to Kairua. A few general facts in regard to the place must therefore suffice. Lahaina is situated on the Southwestern side of Maui. It has a good anchorage for ships of any size, though the currents are sometimes so strong as to occasion a vessel’s drifting. The village extends more than two miles along the seashore, and about half a mile back, and contains, as Mr. R supposes, 5000 inhabitants. It is watered by one or two streams which descend from the mountains a little distance back, and except in a very dry season, may be said to be very fertile. The water is conveyed to all parts of the land that is cultivated and without this process it would be entirely barren, as it seldom rains. Throughout the village are to be seen the kou, coconut and breadfruit trees, which, with others, make it a complete grove. Here is a brick house, 40 by 15 feet, and two stories high. It was built by an Englishman, formerly a convict at New Holland, but now a resident of these islands. It is fast going to decay and if not repaired, must fall to the ground ere many years.

Kairua, June 3, 1824 — We landed here this afternoon and found our friends in good health. Mr. Thurston is absent on a visit to Waiakea. Mrs. Ellis’ health has improved but little.

June 4 — In making a short excursion to day. I was agreeably surprised at the appearance of vegetation. When we first arrived, at the islands, this was the most barren, unpromising spot I had over seen. The whole surface of the ground was covered with lava and scarcely a vestige of vegetation appeared, but an unusual quantity of rain has fallen during the last two years and now potatoes bananas, melons, etc. are cultivated to a considerable extent. The decomposition of grass, woods, etc., which spring up in the cracks of the lava and even on its surface is gradually forming a soil which may at some future period render Kairua one of the most fertile places on the island. The lava also is decomposing in proportion to the quantity of rain which falls upon it, as is evident from the past that in all these places where the rains are frequent a good soil has been formed, which is not the case where the rains

are seldom experienced. From a number of craters on the summit of Hualalai (Wooaray), distant 8 or 10 miles from this place, the lava issued at some former period and ran down the sides of the mountain to the sea. At the present time the whole surface for 4 or 5 miles from the crater is covered with a rich soil from which has risen s forest of trees. At this elevation it rains daily but farther down the rains are seldom felt except in one season of the year and consequently as you approach the sea, the soil and vegetation become less and less, till both entirely disappear.

June 5 — At the distance of l/4 of a mile from the sea, a well has been sunk to the depth of 50 feet but as yet there is no appearance of water.

June 6 — Divine service was performed in the native language in the large and well constructed house built for the purpose by the Governor. Mr. Ely, who arrived yesterday from Kaawaroa, preached to a numerous audience. Here is a vast multitude of immortal beings who are now in the grossest darkness and pollution but who, we hope, will one day be washed, sanctified and purified.

June 8 — Kaawaroa — We landed here this morning. Mr. and Mrs. Ely and Thomas Hopu, who are stationed here are well. Naihe, Kapiolani and Kamakau do considerable towards supporting them. Both Kapiolani and Kamakau give some evidence of piety. Kamakau has been thought to be a fit subject for baptism but it is desirable to be extremely cautious in admitting natives to church fellowship. Those who have never lived among the heathen can form but a very imperfect idea of the depth of their degredation.

Naihe and Kapiolani offered us lodgings in their house as the house of Mr. E is small and inconvenient. Naihe's people are now engaged in building Mr. Ely a good house of a sufficient size. They have already built a large and commodious place of worship. It has a neat pulpit, two rows of seats, three doors and eighteen or twenty windows and what is very pleasing, it is on Sundays well filled with natives, (See page      ).

June 12 — I procured a piece of the rock (which I intend sending to you) from the spot where the unfortunate Capt Cook was killed. It is on the north side of the bay and only a few rods from Maihe's house. The name Kealakekua (Karrakakooah) which means the road of the Gods, is applied by the natives only to a few rods of sand beach on the south side up the bay and to a small path which leads from that spot of the mountain; the north side of the bay where Cook was killed is called Kaawaroa, The south side where the observatory was erected, Napopo. All the natives agree in stating that Cook was considered as a God and as such, was worshipped. Naihe, who was present at his death, gave me the following account: "A party of men from the ships in erecting the Observatory at Napopo pulled down a part of a Heiau, or place of worship, (called by most navigators, Morai, a Tahitian name). Offended at this, the natives in revenge stole one of the boats belonging to Capt. Cook, As soon as this was known, the Captain went on shore and called upon Kalaiopu, the king, hoping to induce him to go on board, where he would be detained till the boat was restored. In this attempt Cook had nearly succeeded when intelligence arrived from the opposite side of the bay that an affray had happened in which Limu, a particular favorite of the king's had been killed. Kalaiopu immediately said, "Ua heva Haore". (The foreigners are bad

or to blame). The natives became angry and arming themselves, rushed upon Captain Cook. A party of sailors in a boat a little distance off, perceiving the situation of Capt. Cook, commenced a brisk firing by which several persons of rank were killed. Capt. Cook retreated toward the boat, but he had only just reached the water’s edge when he was stabbed by a native with a wooden spear. He instantly fell and was again pierced by another. Six or eight sailors who were then on shore had time to retreat only a short distance before they were overtaken and slain, falling a sacrifice to the fury of the natives. The body of Cook was carried up the mountain a short distance to a heiau. Here the priests sacrifice to their idols. The bones of Cook were taken out with the design of having them made into fish hooks, the natives probably supposing they would be preferable to any other on account of his supposed divinity, or the design may have been to put contempt upon him by thus doing.

Cook was an able navigator and possessed many excellent qualities. His praise has been heard in all lands, but it is a foul stain upon his character that he suffered himself to be worshipped by the ignorant natives of Hawaii. That he did this, there can be no doubt. Let anyone read the account of his intercourse with the natives previous to his death and they must come to this conclusion. His death which followed so speedily may be considered as the just judgement of God upon him for presuming to receive from his fellow creatures the adoration which is due the Most High alone.

The natives had a tradition that one of their Gods named Rono or Lono had gone to a foreign country. When Capt. Cook arrived, it was supposed he was the idental Rono. This too the name they gave to him and the name by which he has ever since been known among them. he was evidently flattered by their attention and probably supposed that the idea of his being a God would give him more influence than he could otherwise have with the people and he therefore suffered them to pay him a divine honor. Thus did not Paul. When at Lystra the priest of Jupiter brought oxen and garlands and would have done sacrifice with the people, Paul and Barnabas rent their clothes and ran in among them, crying "Sirs, why do ye these things. We also are men of like passions with you and preach unto you that ye should turn from these vanities unto the living God."

Naihe informed me that a ship had been here previous to the arrival of Capt. Cook. A vessel but of what nation he knew not, touched at Hawaii in the time of Kukanaloa. It was probably a Spanish ship, as one which was captured by Lord Anson had on board a chart of an island which answers to the description of Hawaii, Spaniards had named it the Los Manges. The kings who have reigned at Hawaii since the time of Kukanaloa are as follows: Keariiakaloa, Tukailani, Oiwikauikaua, Keakealani, Keawe, Kaiamamao, Kalaiopu, Tamehameha and Rihoriho.

June 13 — Mr. Ely preached twice in the native language. The congregation was numerous. After the morning service I crossed the bay in a canoe, with Mhos. Hopu and collected about 70 persons to whom we each made an address. We also sung and prayed with them. Mr. Ely usually preached here once on the Sabbath, besides conducting two meetings at Kaawaroa. Drunkenness and debauchery at present characterize the inhabitants, yet we are of opinion that a school may be established there with advantage as soon as a teacher can be obtained.

When the meeting was closed, I went with Thomas to see the place where Opukahaia (Obookaih) formerly dwelt. As we approached the house, Thomas pointed out to me a number of cocoanut trees which were planted by Opukahaia. On entering the house, I was introduced to the uncle of Opukahaia, who now resides on the premises. He was formerly a priest and the remains of the Heiau where he and Opukahaia worshipped are still visible. On inquiring why he was not at the meeting, he said he had not been informed of it and seemed to regret that he had lost the opportunity. We conversed with respecting the true God, the immortality of the soul and the necessity of repentance. On all these subjects, I found he had previously been instructed by Thomas Hopu, but he appeared to be much interested in what we now said. He has evidently been much exercised in his mind of late. He related several remarkable dreams which he had had of late, in which Opukahaia appeared to him and told him if he would be happy hereafter he must attend to the instructions of the Missionaries and pray to Jehovah.

As he designed to visit Oahu soon, I gave him an invitation to call at our house. I would not but be interested in what I had seen and heard. This, thought I, is the spot where Opukahaia dwelt. Here is the man who instructed him in the mystery of idol worship and here the alter on which he sacrificed to devils, but from this Opukahaia was led by an unseen hand to a foreign land where first the light of Science and religion were opened to his view. In that Christian land, he became acquainted with Him of whom Moses and the Prophets did write and his whole soul, as it were, is drawn out in love and gratitude. He longs for an opportunity to return and make known the blessings of the gospel, to his benighted countrymen. Put such is not the will of God. Opukahaia is seized by the messenger of death and departs to the unseen world, resigned indeed to the will of his Saviour but with his latest breath imploring salvation for his countrymen. Happy Opukahaia! Though thou wast not permitted to preach to the people of Hawaii, yet thou hast preached to multitudes in Christian lands and thou hast been a means of gathering this Mission by whose instrumentality thy countrymen have proclaimed unto them the gospel of Jesus Christ.

June 14 — Naihe and Kapiolani, with their attendants, embarked early this morning on board the brig Niu for Lahaina to attend a general meeting of the chiefs. Having previously, made the necessary preparations, I also embarked on board a canoe furnished by Naihe to visit the volcano on the eastern part of Hawaii. Naihe has furnished me with a guide who is also to carry my provisions, water, &c. He is authorized to procure from the inhabitants any provisions we may need but as much of our way will be over a barren, uninhabited part of the country, we have taken with us a calabash of bread and meats and another of fresh water. At 10:00 o’clock A. M. we landed at a small village called Tauranamauna distant from Kaawaroa about 35 miles. On account of a head wind which prevented our going further in the canoe, we left it at this place and proceeded on foot about 20 miles to Haperoa, where we have put up for the night. We are now, as I suppose, 55 miles from Kaawaroa. The whole of the intervening country along the shore exhibits the most barren and rugged appearance conceivable. Streams of lava descending from the mountain have covered the whole of this part of the country rendering it impossible to be cultivated except at a considerable elevation some distance from the sea were the frequent rains have in some measure decomposed the lava and thus produced a soil. The inhabitants reside mostly on the seashore, subsisting in a great measure upon fish. The place where I have put up contains only a few houses but these are well filled with inhabitants.

The one which I am to sleep in is less than ten feet square, yet it has a fireplace in the center and accomodates eleven inhabitants. With all these in this miserable hut swarming with vermin, I am to pass the night. The wind here is st strong and chilly, else I would sleep in the open air. As it is, I feel thankful that I am so well sheltered from the cold. Most, if not all, of the inhabitants of the place assembled on my arrival, they having seldom seen a foreigner. I took the opportunity of speaking to them concerning their souls and the Lord Jesus Christ.

June 15 — We arose early this morning and pursued our journey over masses of lava for about ten miles. Our path led us a considerable way inland. We had now arrived at the foot of the hill about 300 feet in height, very steep and extending in a pretty straight line for the most part from Maunaroa to the ocean. The ascent, though laborious, by no means difficult and when we arrived at the summit, I was delighted to find myself in a new region, where a thin but rich soil and luxuriant foliage concealed the lava from view. In consequence of having come so far inland, we often found fresh water which we could not have found near the sea. There the inhabitants universally make use of brackish water, which by passing through the sand, becomes much less than that taken from the open sea. To one not accustomed to it it would be of little or no use to quench thirst. Continuing our journey over a beautiful tract of country (but thinly inhabited, however) sometimes ascending and sometimes descending, we arrived about noon at a considerable emminence, whence I first caught a view of the immense volume of smoke which is constantly arising from the volcano. It appeared to be about twenty miles distant and I thought by travelling rapidly, I should be enabled to reach it by the time it became dark. I could then have an opportunity of viewing it in the night, without loss of time and might set out tomorrow on my return. The natives assured me it would take us two days more to reach the volcano. I, however, put a few pieces of bread in my pocket and leaving the man who carried my baggage to come after, I hastened onward. A young man, unencumbered, with baggage, now accompanied me as a guide. The path in which we travelled soon became extremely bad, but we proceeded on with all possible dispatch till toward night, ,when finding that the volcano still appeared to be about as far from us as when we first saw it, we concluded to stop and wait the arrival of the man who had our baggage. I was greatly deceived as to the distance of the volcano from the spot where I first saw it. As before stated, I then supposed it about 20 miles off, but we have already come nearly 20 miles and are not by any means in the region of the volcano.

June 16 — I had a long conversation last night with the natives where I slept on the subject of religion and as usual, prayed with them. They had never before heard a prayer addressed to Jehovah. There were, perhaps, 30 persons present. After they had retired, I laid down and enjoyed a comfortable rest, notwithstanding the nocturnal attacks of multitudes of fleas, I was so much fatigued that I quickly became insensible to their attacks. The morning found me much refreshed and I set out early, though we had as yet heard nothing from the man who carried our provisions, etc. About eight the man who, since yesterday morning, had accompanied me as guide, began to fall in the rear. Not suspecting his intention, however, I continued on without slackening my pace, till I had passed a hill which shut him from my view, when I sat down to wait for his arrival, but he had other designs for no sooner had I passed from his view than he embraced the opportunity to make off, retracing his steps with all possible speed. After waiting about 15 minutes, I returned to the place where I last saw him and was informed by the inhabitants of his flight.

They said he had become lazy and wished to proceed no further. Being thus left alone, I hardly knew what course to pursue. I tried to induce some of the people of the place to accompany me offering them a suitable recompense for their trouble. But although there were present nearly forty persons, yet not one of them had ever been to the volcano and they were unwilling to accompany me lest they should lose their way. I offered myself to conduct them, showing to them a pocket compass which I had with me. At length, two youngsters were induced to accompany me, I wanted them to assist in bringing back some specimens which I expected to obtain at the volcano, and they had each a small piece of tapa or native cloth the benefit of which I hoped to enjoy with them during the night, otherwise I should be much exposed to the cold, as my blanket was behind and the clothes which I had on were the thinnest kind. For some time We travelled over a good soil, making rapid progress, but at length coming to a part of the country where the lava was smooth, it having flowed dorm in a liquid state. we could not any longer distinguish the path. So long as the smooth lava continued we cared not for a path but we soon arrived at a place where the lava had been thrown up in sharp heaps and ridges, which were so rough and difficult to pass that our progress was exceedingly slow. We could not have travelled over them long without a path but luckily we soon came to a part where the lava was smooth. The part of country which we were now passing was pretty well covered with trees and bushes, the most numerous of which was the ohia and lehua, whose beautiful rod blossoms furnished food for innumerable small birds. We also found in considerable abundance a species of berry called by foreigners the rod whortleberry but resembling in size and appearance the cranberry but of a comparatively insipid taste. From the time we arrived within ten miles of the crater, we had the smoke arising from it directly in our faces, attended with a sulphureous stench. The wind was very strong and brought along with it fine particles of sand, so that I found it necessary to draw my hat as close as possible over my eyes in order to preserve them, carrying my head pretty low at the same time. The travelling was also difficult from the sand which covered the hard smooth stones on which we had before walked. Into this sand our foot sunk six or eight inches at every step. We, however, sometimes found the sand sufficiently compact and hard to bear us up. We had not proceeded far over this sand before we fell in with the path or track which we had lost on first coming on to the pohaku pahoehoe (smooth stones). We reached several large crevices from which smoke was issuing at the distance of five miles from the crater. Continuing to advance towards the crater our attention was attracted by a hissing noise like that of the blowing of a furnace except that it was irregular, the noise being sometimes very low and then again exceedingly loud. The smoke in which we were now enveloped became so dense that we could see only a small distance before us. We therfore proceeded with caution for some time, but perceiving nothing of the crator, I concluded we might still be at a considerable distance and accordingly quickened my pace, but while proceeding thus carelessly a gust of wind suddenly dispersed the smoke and opened to my affrighted eyes an awful chasm, from whose brink I was not more than 15 foot distant, and from whose dark abyss thick columns of smoke were continually arising attended with a terrific noise. I started back with horror and could hardly persuade myself that an eruption was not about to take place. The boys wore several rods behind me, not during to approach nearer, nor was it long before I retreated towards them. We had made the volcano at the S. W. end and we now proceeded round the eastern side, hoping to be soon freed from the steam or smoke, which being condensed by the wind, was falling upon us like rain. It was not long before my clothes were completely drenched. I was at this time thirsting from water as I had not drank any since 9:00 A.M. It was now

2:00 P.M. I had occasionally taken a dram of rum, to quench my thirst, but even of this I was now deprived, the vial containing it having all been expended and I had no resource but to suck a towel which I carried in my hand. As we approached the North Eastern end of the crater we found a considerable quantity of strawberries and the red whortleberries were in great abundance. I ate plentifully of these, notwithstanding the scruples of the boys who cautioned me against touching them, as they were sacred to Pele, the Volcano. My thirst, however, was very little allayed by them. I looked in vain for the pond or lake of water said to be near the crater. It must have been on the opposite side as we descended a steep hill at the North East end of the crater, we found a small but convenient hut built for the accommodation of travellers. It was open on the side towards the crater; and not more than 15 feet from the brink. It afforded us a good shelter from the wind, which was so piercing, as in our present state to make us shiver with cold. We were now free from the steam arising from the volcano and the sun shining bright we were enabled to dry our clothes. At the distance of 250 or 300 feet below us was a level platform which appeared to have been formed by the falling in of the bank of the crater. This platform I believe extends nearly around the whole of the crater, which is supposed to be about 6 miles in circumference. I had little difficulty in descending to this platform. From the side where I descended, it extends nearly 15 rods towards the center of the crater, where there is another descent of 250 or 300 feet. Down this I proceeded though not without danger, it being in most places perpendicular, and nearly so where I descended. Many of the stones also on which it was necessary to step were loose. While descending I found in the hollow of a rock a small quantity of water, which I drank with avidity, but there was not enough to satisfy my thirst. I had now reached the ancient bed of the volcano, having, as I supposed, descended about 600 feet. The surface of the lava was smooth though not level, sometimes rising in heaps like docks of hay and broken by innumerable fissures crossing each other in various directions. Those who have seen a mill pond in America, in the spring of the year, frozen over, smooth but uneven and having crevices running in various directions, can form some idea of the bed of lava I am now describing. This lava was of a deep black color, exceedingly porous and nearly as light as a pumice stone. The steam was constantly issuing from the crevices and was so hot that I could not hold my hands in it for a moment. On this bed of lava I walked to another perpendicular descent of 200 or 300 feet, the volcano having sunk thus far below its ancient bed. The lower bed appeared much like the one on which I stood but from various parts of it not only smoke, but flames of fire were issuing. The appearance of these small craters where the fire was bursting out, attended with horrid noise, was indeed awfully grand. But I was disappointed in not finding this lower bed a mass of liquid fire. About a year since when several of our brethren were making the tour of this island, this lower bed of lava was in a liquid state. The surface has now become hard, and I have no doubt would have supported my weight could I have descended to it. This I wished to do, but I looked, in vain for a place where I might descend the sides being in most places perpendicular or shelving near. Having walked over a mile on this ancient bed of the volcano, viewing the flames which arose from below, I found it was time to return. I accordingly procured some specimens of the lava and began slowly to retrace my steps. In ascending the first bank, I found to my no small joy, a quantity of water in the hollow of a rock. There was not enough, however, to satisfy my thirst. I reached the hut where I had left the boys, about sunset, and fatigued as I was, resolved immediately to proceed around to the western side of the crater, in search of the pond of water. In passing through the wet bushes, my clothes were again completely drenched with water, and

On our way back, being exceedingly faint, we halted to rest ourselves near the mouth of a large cave. Into this I descended, supposing it would afford a better screen from the sun than any of the bushes which grow on the surface. I found it cool and refreshing. It was indeed "the shadow of a great rock in a weary land" and brought forcibly to mind that passage in Scripture where Christ is thus represented. Dry and parched as the land had appeared, water was dropping from the roof of the cave and on examining the bottom, We quickly found several small cavities filled with this precious article. The holes were so small at the top that We could not got our mouths to the water, which circumstance aggrevated our distress but searching my pockets I found a quill and by means of this, We wore enabled to drink our fill. Stengthened by this cooling draught, We continued our course and in about an hour more reached the place where I had engaged the two boys to attend me. Kaleoini, the man who carried my provisions and blanket, arrived here last evening and being too much fatigued to proceed further had await-

on my return, a fortunate circumstance, as otherwise we might without our knowledge have passed each other and thus occasioned considerable delay. To each of the boys who had accompanied me to the volcano, I gave a flint and steel, with which they were much pleased and which they considered a sufficient compensation for their trouble.

After dinner I resumed my journey in company with Kaleoini who, of his own accord carried all the baggage. My shoes though perfectly new when I came to the Islands, were now nearly worn out and I was fearful would be rendered useless before I could reach Taeletie, the nearest place where I could hope to procure a canoe. The soles of one of them gave way soon after I left the volcano but happening to have in my pocket some twine and a sharp penknife I was able to sew it up tolerably well. The twine occasionally wore off in the course of the day. I had to sew it up five or six times. My feet were badly blistered in several places and of course made it extremely painful travelling. We slept at a place called Wailau

June 18 — Friday — Only two or three natives were present at the house where I lodged last night and I was too much fatigued to converse much with them on the subject of religion. As had been my usual custom, I returned thanks in the native language for the continued kindness of our Heavenly Father. We started early this morning but owing to the soreness of my feet could not travel fast. The pain was excruciating, but as there was no alternative, I endeavored to bear it patiently. When we had arrived within 4 or 5 miles of Taeletie, I was solicited to turn a little out of the way to visit a sick Chief. Travelling was so painful to me that I at first hesitated to comply with the request, but finally concluded to go. I found a considerable number of persons collected around the Chief, who was suffering from a bowell complaint. All that I could do was to give him the little camphor I had remaining and commend him to the Great Physician of Souls, advising that he should look to Him for relief. Thinking he might perhaps own a canoe, I informed him of my inability to travel much further by land and of my desire to be conveyed by water as far as Taulanamauna, where I could secure a canoe from Naihe’s people. He immediately gave orders to one of his men to go with us to Taeletie and from that place convey us in his canoe to Taulanamauna. This was a favor for which I felt sincerely grateful. My shoes were nearly worn our and feet so sore that if I had not succeeded in obtaining a canoe, I must have remained at Taeletie, at least till my sores were healed. Just before we reached the last mentioned place, we had to descend the precipice mentioned in Page 10 of my Journal, The summit was about 300 feet above the plain below. My shoes were very slippery and the descent steep, although we went in an oblique direction, so that I got along with difficulty, but by the favor of Providence arrived safely at the foot of the precipice and soon after reached Taeletie. It was too late in the day to set off in the canoe, but we got everything ready to start early in the morning. This place, according to my calculations is about 50 miles from the volcano and 65 from Kaawaroa.

When I arrived hero about 200 persons were assembled to witness a dance.

When I arrived here about 200 persons were assembled to witness a dance, performed by 3 or 4 females fancifully dressed with 20 or 30 folds of elegant tapa around the waist – a string of dog’s tusks on each wrist, and a bandage to which was affixed loosely a great number of dog's teeth around the ankles. There were five or six musicians, who sung with all their might, boating at the same time upon calabashes. The head man of the place happening, in the midst of the dance, to make some inquiries of me respecting the route I took to reach the volcano, I drew from my pocket a small chart of the island of Hawaii, which, being perceived by the crowd, they gathered around me, exclaiming Palapala Palapala. The music instantly ceased, I stepped upon a scaffolding near by to see what was the matter, but the dancers were gone. I was afterwards informed that my paper had so entirely drawn off the attention of the multitude from the dancers that they were ashamed and indignantly retired.

June 19 — Saturday — We set off in our canoe about one o'clock A.M. and coasting along near the shore, reached Taulanamouna (30 miles distant) a little after sunrise. The man who had brought me thus far in the canoe now wished to return but as I could not get a canoe here, he consented to continue on as far as Opee, a place belonging to Naihe, 10 or 12 miles distant. When we arrived here we found to our disappointment that the men were mostly absent in the interior and would not return till towards evening. I was told that if I desired it, they would at night start with me for Kaawaroa but as their canoes were all exceedingly small and leaky, it was thought not prudent to venture in them by night, though I should not have hesitated to have gone in one of them by day. I was very desirous to reach Kaawaroa if possible before the Sabbath and I could not therefore wait another day. As the man who had brought me from Taeletie was about to return, I concluded to go back with him as far as Taulanamauna, where I doubted not I could in the evening procure a passage to Kaawaroa in a large canoe belonging to Gov. Adams. I had noticed when I was here in the morning that this canoe would sail in the evening for Kaavaroa but I was then unwilling to wait so long and even now the necessity to which I am reduced does not make me patiently submit to the delay. I am somewhat unwell and very much in need of rest, which I cannot well get at this place. After bathing in salt water this afternoon, I collected a few shells as curiosities which I intend to send home. To the man who so kindly brought me from Telatie, I gave a fish knife, with which he appeared abundantly satisfied.

Monday — June 21 — Kaawaroa — Leaving Taulanamauna about sunset on Saturday and coasting along the western side of Hawaii, we arrived here at 8 o'clock yesterday morning, I regretted that we were not able to reach home before the Sabbath, as we have disapproved of travelling on that day. It was expected when we left Taulanamauna that we should reach Kaawaroa in the course of the night, but the wind dying away, our progress in a large and deeply laden canoe, was very slow. I explained that matter to the natives as soon as I had landed. This was not only expedient but in some degree necessary, as in this place the Sabbath is very strictly

regarded, at least outwardly no work being done nor a canoe suffered to leave the bay unless to carry someone across the bay to preach to the people at Napoopoo.

In my tour to the volcano, I was absent only six days, and travelled in going and returning – 100 miles by water in a canoe and 130 miles on foot. The distance by water was performed principally by night. I desire to record with gratitude to God that not the slightest accident occurred either by land or water. "Bless the Lord O my soul and forget not all His benefits".

During my absence a large British ship bound to Calcutta from the coast of Mexico put in here for refreshments. She was manned principally by Lascars and had on board gold and silver to the amount of half a million of dollars. Mr. and Mrs. Ely and Mrs. J dined on board, by invitation from the Captain, and before leaving were shown a variety of curiosities from foreign lands.

June 22 — Mr. and Mrs. Ely, though generally excluded from all society but the natives appear to be doing much good. Mr. Ely usually preaches to the natives 3 times on the Sabbath and holds a meeting with them on Wednesday afternoon. Mrs. E has an interesting Sunday School, consisting of about 30 little girls who commit to memory Watts' Catechism and passages of Scripture translated into the Hawaiian language by the Mhos. Hopu. The school is always closed with prayer. A considerable number of the people are now under instruction and making desirable progress. Hopu remains faithful and is much engaged in the great work of the Mission. His wife has also a good character. All of them are of course subject to privation but considering the circumstances in which they are placed, these are less than would naturally have been expected. The Chiefs and people are kind and are attentive. They have built a very neat and commodious meeting house, having two rows of seats and a decent pulpit.

The vowels are thus sounded:

The A as in father; the E as in receive; the I as in machine; the O as in so; the U (like double O) as in rule. It may be observed that the L and R and the K and T are according to the opinion of some, used interchangably by the natives – certainly they are so used by some of the members of the Mission. Thus Kairua may be spelt Kairua or Kailua, Tairua or Tailua.

With Naihe and Kapiolani, I had been acquainted at Oahu. With Kamakau I became acquainted while on a visit to this place more than two years since. I then gave him a couple of spelling books, and conversed with him respecting God who made the world. About a week afterwards he called upon me at Kairua, to which place I had gone to organize a school. I then gave him further instructions, and he returned to Kaawaroa, where he continued to study the books I had given him. Having succeeded in organizing a school at Kairua, I engaged a Tahitian, who lived with the Governor and who was sufficiently qualified to take charge of it for a season till a teacher could be sent from Oahu and then returned myself to that place. Soon after Mhos. Hopu proceeded to Kairua and took charge of the school. Kamakau visited Kairua occasionally and received instructions as opportunity offered from Hopu. By this means, it is supposed his mind became seriously impressed with a sense of the importance of religion. When the brethren who were deputed to explore the Island of Hawaii were at Kaawaroa, Kamakau was in the habit of praying morning and evening with his family, a practice he has continued ever since.

Kairua. June 24, 1824 — Mr. Thurston has not yet returned from Waiakea. The health of Mrs. Bishop is still poor. In the afternoon Mr. Bishop and myself explored a cave in the vicinity of Kairua. Entering it about 1/4 of a mile from the ocean, we proceeded till we came in contact with the water from the sea where we bathed and returned. A particular account of this visit, though interesting to us, would not be so to you. Mr. Hunnewell arrived here in a small schooner this afternoon. The chapel at Honoruru has been burnt to the ground, whether by accident or by an incendiary is not known. The Chiefs immediately commenced building another Church, which is now nearly finished and is larger and better than the former one.

Lahaina, June 26 — Anchored here this morning. Most of the principal Chiefs from all the islands now here. An eclipse of the sun.

June 27 — Mr. R. preached to a numerous assembly.

June 28, 1824 — Having occasion to go into the village in company of the Chiefs this morning, I found them discussing the propriety of a marriage between the prince and princess (Kauekoauli and Nahieneene, or as she is now called, Keopuolani). Karaimoku asked me if it was proper for a brother and sister to live together as man and wife. Of course I told him it was not. He said it was a common practice in this country. I informed him and the others present that it was forbidden in the word of

God, it was disallowed, in civilized communities, and that barreness or weak and sickly children were effects of such improper connexions, an effect which might be noticed even in the beasts of the field. They all seemed to admit of the correctness of these remarks.

It is well known here that the prince and princess for a considerable time past have lived in a state of incest. This would appear extraordinary in America, as the prince is but ten years of age and the princess less than 7 or 8. It should be remembered, however, that persons arrive at the age of puberty here much sooner than in a colder climate. Chastity is not a recommendation; the sexes associating without restraint almost from infancy.

In the afternoon the Chiefs had another consultation on the subject of the prince and princess. Hearing of this, Mr. R and myself went immediately to the place where they were assembled. They feel a difficulty in regard to the case in hand. There are no two persons of suitable age of equal rank with the princess in the nation to whom they might be united; though the daughter of Gov. Adams is of suitable age and of a rank not much inferior to the prince. Kaikeoeua said the offspring of two such Chiefs as the prince and princess would be an "arii nui roa", a very great chief. We replied, "True, but if they (a brother and a sister are united, it is highly probable they will have no children. We asked them if they had ever known an instance where children had sprung from the union of a brother and sister. They mentioned Keopuolani, mother of the prince and princess, she being the child of parents who were brother and sister. We told them We knew of that fact, but that Keopuolani was an only child and weakly. She finally died at an early age. The prince is looked upon as successor to Rihoriho and it is thought desirable he should have a wife of high rank, that the royal blood may not be contaminated.

Learning that a schooner was to sail this evening for Waiakea, We embraced the opportunity to send a quantity of provisions &c. to our brethren there, supposing they might be in want. I requested of Hoopili that Dr. B and family, now at Waiakea, might be allowed a passage when the schooner returned. To this, he assented, and gave orders to the Captain to bring Dr. B.

June 19 — Got under weigh this afternoon and having a fair wind, were enabled to roach Honoruru by dark. We came nearly 80 miles in 11 hours. As the night is exceedingly dark, We have concluded to remain on board till morning.

June 30 — We all landed in safety and were welcomed to our old habitation. My health and that of Mrs. L is evidently improved but Mrs. Ellis remains much the same. It is quite doubtful whether she will ever recover.

Sabbath — Mr. Stewart preached from "The preaching of the cross is foolishness".

August 7 — Spent this day in company with Mr. C, Dr. B and Mr. H in an excursion to the mountains, to ascertain whether it would be practicable to procure wood with a team. We satisfied ourselves that it would be practicable but would be attended with so many difficulties as to render it expedient only in case of particular necessity.

August 8 — Sabbath — Attended a meeting at Waititi, Brig Tamehameha arrived 112 days from New York, the quickest passage ever made. By this conveyance I have received letters from Utica but none from Rushville. A packet is still on board.

August 9 — Evening — A schooner arriving in the Harbor just before night has brought the unwelcome intelligence that an insurrection has taken place at Tauai. The news spread like fire, natives running in all directions, crying "Kaua ma Tauai" (War at Tauai). We hastened to the village where we met Bro. and Sister B, who had just landed. They informed us that just before daybreak yesterday morning they were alarmed by the near report of muskets at the Fort, and the whizzing of bullets. It was soon perceived that a party had attacked the fort but after a short action they were driven back, repulsed with the loss of ten men killed. They immediately retreated back in the country. Karaimoku, who was not in the fort, but slept on the opposite side of the river, sent for Messrs. B and W as soon as it was light, to return thanks for their preservation. They then repaired to the fort where they beheld the shocking spectacle of the dead and wounded. Ore, a white man, mortally. One of those killed was a Mr. Trowbridge, and Englishman, a young man of some talents and information. The party who attacked the fort was commanded by a Chief called Tiaimakani, another called Tiaimoku and by G. R. Tamasei. They succeeded in entering the fort and carried off about 80 stands of arms. Karaimoku, expecting another attack, dispatched the schooner to this place for reinforcement, and Bro. B and W, with their families, embraced the opportunity to escape from the scene of bloodshed.

August 10 — Mr. Stewart and family returned to Maui in the brig Tamehameha. The brig Beckett and schooner Deliverance was dispatched to Tauai, with about 400 warriors.

August 11 — Brig Meu sailed with additional troops for Tauai.

September 9 — Sent by Capt. Austin of the Mercury letter to my father and brother. In the evening met to consider the case of Mr. Ellis and family whom Capt. Coleman offers a free passage to America. After taking into account the circumstances of Mr. E it was our unanimous advice that he should embrace the offer. Capt. Cary of the Cadmus relates that in July last he fell in with a Japanese vessel at sea, having about 40 persons on board and nearly destitute of provisions and fresh water. They had with them a compass but knew not which way to go. Capt, C furnished them with a month's provisions and water, and gave them directions which way to steer to reach a port in Japan, but doubts whether they will ever reach Japan.

September 11 — While writing today in the printing office, my attention was attracted by an encounter at the door between a hen and a mouse – the former proved victorious, and as I supposed, devoured her opponent, for on searching a few minutes afterwards, I could find nothing of him. Till then, I was not aware that hens were carnivorous.

September 17 — Our dear Bro. and Sister Ellis took leave of us today and embarked for England by the way of America. The voyage was undertaken on account of the protracted sickness of Mrs. E who, since her arrival here, has been most of the time confined to her bod. Her physicians gave it as their opinion that a change of climate was the only way in which she might expect relief.

Mr. Whitney and family also left us today and embarked for Tauai.

September 25 — By a vessel from the Society Islands, we received a letter from Mr. Platt, one of the Missionaries there, mentioning the continued prosperity of the Mission.

Mr. Bruce, Capt. Cary of the Cadmus and Capt. Cherry of the Eliza Ann,

took tea with us this evening. Capt. Cherry states that one or two vessels have been recently lost at the Fejee Islands, and the crews murdered.

Mr. and Mrs. B took up their lodgings in Mr. Ellis* house.

September 24 — Kaahumanu arrived from Lahaina. In landing, she immediately proceeded in a coach to the Church and had prayers. You will perhaps think this was ostentation — So thought I; but perhaps she may be sincere.

September 26 — Sabbath — In the morning Mr. B preached from the words, "Eke Hopee; e hele makou ia wai la? Ia oe hoe i ka olelo mau roa". — Lord to whom shall we go — thou hast the words of eternal life — Mr. B preached in English from the words "Occupy till I come". In the afternoon, I attended the meeting in Waititi. I was much struck with the beautiful and impressive manner in which Hoaai, one of the native teachers, prayed for the Divine protection to accompany Mr. Ellis and family.

September 27 — Ship Sultan sailed for America.Sent copies of Hymns and various letters to different persons in America. Among them was a letter to C.L. dated 25, Sept. 1824 with a copy of the hymns and Spelling Book. Mr. Harwood and Mr. Bruce have gone passengers in the Sultan. The latter designing to settle at Canton as a commercial agent for the J.J. Astor & Company — and the former returning to America. Mr. Harwood has resided in the Mission family for about 3 years, and so far as we know, kept himself aloof from the vices which have so often ruined promising young men in this place.

September 88 — Received news from Tauai that G.P. Tamorii has at length been made a prisoner. He was found alone in the mountains and it is said had been destitute of food 5 or 6 days. When he perceived the party who had the good fortune to make him prisoner, he drank an immense quantity of rum, and was found in a state of intoxication. It is thought that he expected to be put to death immediately and therefore drank the rum, that he might be insensible to the pains of death. Karaimoku, who has the care of him, treats him well, and does not consider him as one of the instigators of the rebellion but supposes he was drawn into it by the influence and power of others.

October 2 — Put on board the Octavia, Capt. Blanchard, a copy of my journal from page 121 to page 156, consisting of Nos. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 — last date June 22, 1824. Wrote to Mr. Harwood at Canton and to Mr. Evarts B.

October 9 — For a short time past, we have been troubled by thieves entering our yard by night and carrying off boards, firewood, &c., &c. Hearing that a man by the name of Wallace, whom We had recently had in our employment, had been selling boards, firewood, &c. in the village, I went thither, to examine them. I found four boards and a few small

sticks of timber, which had been taken from our yard. It is impossible to get redress or have the man punished. He had previously stolen about 20 fowls all that we had excepting 3.

October 10 — Sabbath — Attended meeting at Waititi as usual.

October 13 — A vessel has just arrived from Tauai, bringing information that peace was pretty much established there. Some cruelties had been committed by young Tamehameha and Kehekiri, Chiefs of savage dispositions. Karaimoku has exerted himself to protect the unfortunate people of Tauai, but when out of his sight, such natives as the two before mentioned, would pay but little regard to his commands. Like all wars, this has brought with it a train of evils. Burning homes, destroying the crops of taro and potatoes and such like have been practiced to a considerable degree, and considerable plunder taken from the innocent inhabitants has already arrived at this place.

Kaneneho, a celebrated warrior of Tauai, was brought up a prisoner in the vessel which has just arrived. It is supposed he was the chief instigator of the rebellion. At the commencement of the war, I believe it was the design of the chiefs to put him to death in case he should be taken, but as the war is now over, and the feelings of the chiefs subsided, it is likely he will be set at liberty. I saw him this morning in company with Opiia and Ilenau (governor of this island). He seemed quite unconcerned, and related with pleasure some of the particulars of the war. Laanui, the husband of Opiia returned yesterday from Tauai. He spoke with gratitude of the goodness of God which had preserved him and his party.

October 14 — I have been employed for some time in preparing and arranging in alphabetical order a vocabularly of this language. Many of the words which we first collected have had wrong or imperfect definitions given them. I have taken special pains to introduce no definitions but such as are correct, as far as I can know. Every word is submitted to an intelligent native before putting it down.

October 17 — Sabbath — Divine services as usual in English and native.

October 25 — [n company with Kulamea, a native who resides with me, I set off this morning on horseback, to visit Puuloa, a place about 5 or 6 miles distant in a direct line, but by the way I went 10 or 12. Our road was exceedingly uncomfortable, and riding dangerous, as we had to jump over ditches and walls. We arrived at Puuloa about 2 P.M. I had been informed that at this place a sort of clay was to be found suitable for plastering the walls of houses and to ascertain whether any could be obtained without much expense was the object of my visit. I found the clay which I suppose will do very well for priming or filling up the crevices between the stones of the (stone) house. I engaged a man to burn a quantity of lime for me. In returning we met with greater difficulties than in going. The native that was with me

was several times thrown from his horse. Darkness overtook us long before we reached home. We had taken a road near the sea, and at one time we were obliged to ride in the water for half a mile — once or twice the horses fell into holes, as it was pitch dark, and got out with difficulty, but at length about 9 o’clock reached Honoruru, grateful for having escaped so many dangers, and resolving never to undertake the journey again on horseback.

October 7>0 — The schooner Washington returned from the Coast of California. By her I received a trunk for C.C. and box of sweetmeats, sent by Mr. Shaw from Canton. Besides various articles for which I sent, Mr. Shaw has made a very liberal present.

October 31 — Sabbath — At Waititi this afternoon I addressed the natives from the words "Kealoha aku au ia lakou ka me e aloha mai i’au". It was the first time I had written a discourse to address them.

November 1 — Spent most of this day drawing stone with a yoke of steers which we purchased of Capt. Cooper. They promise to be very useful.

November 17 — Printed a handbill, signed by a number of Captains and officers of vessels. It is an agreement to prohibit females from coming or board their ships for the purpose of prostitution. But few of those in port would sign the papers, alleging various reasons, hut principally the utter impossibility of keeping their crew unless they tolerated it. This vice is in fact too popular here and too much patronized by officers and travellers to be easily suppressed. The Christian, however, cannot but rejoice that an attempt to suppress this vice has been made. A seaman who had belonged to an English vessel now in harbor was buried today. He was drowned several days since, but his body could not till now be found. The manner of his death was most unfortunate. In company with others, he had been on shore and became intoxicated, and in re-turning in the evening the boat struck against the side of the ship, when he fell out and was drowned. But little notice is taken of such an event here, and it is not improbable the very persons who were with him in the boat, continue their drunken frolick.

November 19-20 — Yesterday and today I have been engaged in making beer and vinegar from a root called tee, which grows plentifully in these islands. It is the most sweet of any vegetable I ever tasted. The juice is nearly as sweet as molasses. Sent by Capt. Joy a native pau to Mrs. Mary Smith, Salem.

November 22 — Sent by a whaleship a copy of our elementary publications to the Missionaries at the Friendly Islands.

November 26 — Our hearts made joyful by the receipt of letters from Waiakoa, Kairua and Lahaina. In all these places, the affairs of the Mission are prosperous.

November 28 — Sabbath — Went to Waititi as usual.

November 30 — Eight or ten houses in the- village consumed by fire. A large crowd of natives of course assembled, and according to their custom, carried off whatever they could lay their hands upon, Mrs. L was taken ill on Sunday — is now confined to her bed.

December 2 — Mr. Stewart sailed for Lahaina. Lassor sailed for Canton and America — intended to have sent letters but was not aware of the sailing of the vessel till too late.

December 5 — Went to Waititi and attended meeting with the natives as usual.

December 6 — Received an application for a number of French and Spanish testaments for the use of the crew of the French vessel now in port,

December 7 — A thief was detected near our house this afternoon with a kid which he had taken from its dam. Some of our domestics saw him when he caught it and gave notice. At first I had some thoughts of

flogging him and letting him go but on second thought, concluded it would be better to send him to Opiia. I wrote to her mentioning the circumstances and saying that we did not want he should pay anything to us, but only that he should leave off stealing. She gave him a long lecture, in conclusion observed that he ought to consider us as very kind and good, for, continued she, if any of us had detected you in stealing, your property would have been taken from you.

December 9 — At Capt. Wild’s request, I printed for him 200 copies of blank bills of lading. He has of late made the Mission a present of 2 heifers.

December 11, 1824 – —

December 12 — Sabbath — Celebration of the Lords supper. Endeavored to approach with suitable feelings but have much reason to fear my heart is not right in the sight of God. In the afternoon at Waititi I addressed about 90 persons from the words of Christ, "Him that cometh unto me I will in no wise cast out".

December 15 — I have recently been reading Raffliston. I was pleased with the*work, though it is easy to see that the author possesses something of what may be caLled the prejudices of an Englishman. You have probably read the work as it was published in 1818.

December 13 — Doct. B was called to visit the Boatswain of the French ship now in port. He is dangerously ill and Doct. B supposes from the symptons that he has the yellow fever. If this be the case we have reason to fear it may spread and destroy thousands of the people and perhaps some of us.

December 14 — Ship Mentor sailed for Canton. By Mr. Hunnewell, who goes passenger, I sent a letter to Mr. Shaw, Canton, and one to C.S. Rushworth. Mr. Hunnewell came out with us in the Thaddeus and has remained on the islands till now. His character, unlike most others, is free from the charge of drunkeness and adultery.

December 15 — The ship Thomas, Capt. Coffin which sailed from this port some time since for America with a full cargo of oil, returned today having sprung a leak.

December 19 — Sabbath — Mr. B preached in English from the words, "But the times of their ignorance God winked at, but now commandeth all men everywhere to repent." Went to Waititi in the afternoon. Spoke to the natives from the Chapter of John.

December 21 — A native female whose case had excited considerable sympathy, died today. It appears she had come from Maui some time since, and falling sick, was left without acquaintances or friends. A native permitted her for a while to lodge in his house and occasionally gave

her food, but her disease became more inveterate. He resolved to rid himself of her and accrdingly a few nights since, carried her out and left her helpless in the street. She was found next morning by one of the native teachers named Taomi who had her immediately carried to his house where she received from himself and wife every attention which was in their power to give; but it was unavailing. She enjoyed this kindness two or three days only and departed to the unseen world.

December 26 — Sunday — In the afternoon rode to Waititi and held a meeting with the natives. Spoke to them from the words of Christ, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved. He that believeth not shall be damned".

December 27 — Yesterday arrived at this port the Russian discovery ship Enterprize, Capt. Kotzebue, son of the celebrated Kotzebue, who was assassinated a few years since.

December 31 — Another year has passed away, leaving me still in the land of the living while thousands have been called to their eternal home. The continuance of my life demands my most grateful thanks, and should lead me to realize the distinguished goodness of God which has preserved me from "Pestilence that walketh in darkness and from the destruction that wasteth at noonday", and has defended me from numerous snares and dangers, given me health, strength, and opportunity to labor in the service of God among the heathen, and caused me to rejoice in Jesus Christ as the God of my salvation. "Bless the Lord, O my soul and all that is within me. Bless the Lord and forget not all his benefits"

January 1, 1825 — Entering upon a new year, I desire to dedicate myself anew to the "service of God. May his Spirit be present to purify my heart, guide in the paths of righteousness, and make me abundantly useful.

January 2 — Sabbath — Mr. B’s text, in English, was "To preach the acceptable year of the Lord". After dinner, rode with several of the native teachers to Waialae, a small village about 8 miles distant, where the worship of the true God has never been performed. A considerable number, collecting around us, I informed them of the object of our visit, and requested them to assemble under a large Kou tree, which stood at a short distance. In a few minutes, between 30 and 40 were collected and as we had no time to spare, I immediately commenced the service by singing a hymn, and addressing the throne of Grace. I then addressed the people from Matth. XXIV, 44, "I noomakua – kau hel oukou", urging upon them the necessity of being prepared for death, as no one could know at what period he might be called away. I endeavored to point out to them the only way to prepare for death, to wit: to repent of their sins, and turn unto God, who would then have mercy upon them through the Savior. One of the teachers closed the meeting with Prayer. A desire was expressed that we should visit them again and tell them of these things,

which we promised to do on the next Sabbath. We reached Waititi on our return about half an hour before sundown. As notice of our approach had been given, about 50 persons very quickly assembled, to whom I made the same address as to the people of Waialae. After the meeting, several of the natives expresses a strong desire to have a house of worship built as the place where our meetings have heretofore been held is nothing more than a Ranai (shed) covered with branches of the cocoanut and of course does not defend from the rain. They wished me to speak to Piia on the subject, which I promised to do.

January 5 — Capt. Kotzebue called at our house a few moments and afterwards took tea at Mr. B's.

January 6 — Heavy showers of rain. The weather so cold as to render a fire "quite agreeable. Being at this time destitute of any woolen clothes, I feel the cold very sensibly.

January 8 — Employed in putting on board the Becket, supplies for Kairua.

January 9 — Rode to Waititi in company with Hoaai, one of the native teachers, and addressed the natives who had assembled, from the words, "A, i aku la oia oa Jesu, e ka Haku, e noonoo oe ia'u i ka wa e hiki oe iloko kou aupuni" &c. Afterwards rode to the Valley of Manoa and held a meeting with 15 or 20 natives. Spoke to them from the words, "E hoomakaukau hoi oukou".

January 10 — Called upon Piia, the principal person in authority now in this place and represented to her the need of a house for worship at Waititi, She promised to have one built soon.

January 12 — Doct. and Mrs. Blatchely embarked for Maui on board the brig Becket.

January 16 — Rode to Waititi and Waialae with Hoaai and held meetings with the natives. At Waialae Hoaai spoke to about 50 persons, urging upon them the duty of repentance. At Waititi I addressed about the seme number of persons from the words, "E hoolike oukou i ka oukou naau i like me ka naau Jesu".

January 17 — Mr. Chamberlain sailed on the Schr. Astor, intending to make a short visit to Maui and Hawaii.

January 18 — Soon after Mr. C’s departure yesterday morning, I embarked in an open boat for Puuloa distant 5 or 6 miles. My object was to procure earth for priming our stone house. We reached Puuloa in about two hours from the time of our departure, having enjoyed a favorable wind. By 5 o’clock P.M. we had procured about 4 barrels of the earth, which I found to be calcareous, consisting of decomposed shells and coral and

set out on our return. The wind being ahead, we were obliged to beat up. We stood on one tack till we had got about 6 miles from land when finding it impossible to reach Honoruru much before morning, we concluded to return to Puuloa and spend the night. As it was dark before we reached the place, we had some difficulty in entering owing to the channel being narrow and abounding with coral rocks. Twice we ran aground, and once narrowly escaped being overwhelmed in the surf, but by the favor of God arrived safe at Puuloa. We were shown into the house of the head man,then absent, where we found a considerable number collected. After supper I conversed with them a long time on the subject of religion. When speaking of their former system of idolatry, one of them, upon a sudden, observed, "All of us, Hawaiians, have but one God now, Jehovah". I observed to him that there was but one God and that all who would be his must repent of their sins and keep his commandments. During the conversation one of them mentioned that in former times there dwelt at Puuloa a famous shark named Ahupahau. He had a home in the hole of a rock. He was one of their gods. On one occasion a strong shark 3 or 4 fathoms long came into the channel to make war upon the sharks and upon the natives that dwelt there. Ahupahau immediately communicated to the natives the information advising them to get a net out and secure him. They took the hint and spread their nets and in a little time the stranger was captured.

Early this morning we arose from our resting places {where we had experienced no small trouble from the fleas) and again put to sea. In about 4 hours we arrived safe in the harbor of Honoruru.

January 16 — Sabbath — In the afternoon rode to Waititi and Waialae. Hoani spoke to the people at the latter place. At the former, I addressed about 50 from the words, "E hoolike oukou i ko oukou naau i like me ka naau a Jesu". Took cold in consequence of being exposed to a heavy shower of rain.

January 17 — A part of Karaimoku*s large stone house fell yesterday soon after a heavy shower of rain. the foundation was deficient. the house has but just been finished at a very great expense.

January 23 — Sabbath — In the afternoon rode to Waialae, and to a small settlement beyond — in each, place had public worship with the natives. A native teacher called Jack conducted the meetings at Waititi and Manoa.

January 24 — Notice having been given last Sabbath that a school would be opened on this day for the instruction of the teachers and such as were considerably advanced in learning. A considerable number assembled at the Chapel this afternoon. Gave them instruction in reading, writing and sacred music — concluded with prayer.

January 29 — Karaimoku having returned from Tauai, came to the Chapel to give thanks to Almighty God for the protection he enjoyed during his absence. The Chiefs and people there were much rejoiced to see him return — one of them at the first salutation called him the iron rope of the islands.

February 2, 1825 — The Brig Becket returned this morning from Hawaii and Lahaina, Mr, & Mrs. S and Betsy S, passengers. Received letters from Mr. Bishop, Mr. Chamberlain, Mr. Richards and Dr. B. The Enterprize sailed for Hawaii — by her forwarded supplies to our brethren.

February 5 — Mrs. L and myself visited by invitation of some of the officers, the Russian sloop of war Enterprize, Capt. Kotzebue. Several of the officers have been in the habit of taking tea with us occasionally of late, and we have at such times picked up a few phrases in the Russian language. It is extremely difficult to speak. Having never before visited a ship of war, many things were new to us. The ship mounts 20 guns. I have always regretted since I left America that I did not visit the Independence 74 while in Boston. I had an invitation but had at the time too much business on hand to comply.

February 6 — Rode to Waialao and Wailupe and had divine service.

February 8 — Kaahumanu and a train of chiefs arrived from Tauai. Considerable attention is now manifested on the subject of religion at Tauai, and indeed at this place.

February 10 — 40 scholars at school this afternoon.

February 11 — Several chiefs spent the afternoon with us. They are quite in earnest in their requests that a meeting for prayer might be held once a week for those exclusively who feel desireous of giving themselves up to the Lord. Mr. N.G. Phieffer, one of the Lieut, of the Russian ship called to take leave, the ship being ready to sail in the morning. Mr. P has an earnest desire to visit America.

February 12 — Russian ship sailed.

February 13 — Mr. B preached to a numerous congregation from Psalms II: 10-11. Afternoon went to Waititi and Waialae. At the latter place called to a number of persons whom I saw standing at a distance, to come and listen to the word of God; and received for answer that the people were all dying in consequence of the palapala — that an evil contagion surrounded them, they would all die. About 40 persons attended worship and seemed particularly interested, &c. (copied and transmitted up to this date.)

February 14 — Employed most of the day in getting out the mizen mast of the Eliza Ann, which I had purchased at auction for 10 dollars. Although several accidents occurred, no individual was hurt. Afternoon attended

the school, 50 present.

February 16 — Finished plastering the inside of the printing office.

February 17 — School, as usual.

February 20 — At Waititi addressed the native from Matth. VII, 24,25,26,27.

February 28 — Have found our oxen of much use in procuring fire wood. By means of the oxen and cart, two men can in half a day get from the mountains a quantity of wood worth $5. We have employed two men for some days past in drawing wood, allowing them one-half the quantity for their labor.

March 2 — Attended meeting at Manoa.

The chiefs received us kindly and entertained us with such things as they had. Our dinner consisted of mutton, fish, taro, yams and potatoes. After dinner, I took a ramble in the woods while Mrs. L remained to join with the females in their weekly prayer meeting. Towards night we turned our faces homeward and arrived at our habitations a little after dark, accompanied by Piia.

March 6 — About 100 persons assembled at Waialae for public worship.

I addressed them from the words "E paulei ece i ka Haku, a ola uanoi oe."

March 7 — Mr. Chamberlain and myself went to Manoa, where the chiefs now reside. We united with them in the monthly pr. meeting.

March 8 — Last evening Mrs. Stewart was made the mother of a daughter — I spent more of the day at Manoa engaged in translating a Catechism from the Tahitian.

The ship Almira, arrived from Nantucket. She has brought out for us a a quantity of supplies, &c.

March 10 — Received from the Almira a number of letters and pamphlets. Among them are letters from C.L. of March 20, May 37, July 5, August 5, – 1824 — and from D. Chamberlain.

By the arrival of a whale ship, we have just received the unwelcome intelligence that Rihoriho and Kamehamalu died in London in July last. The death of the reigning prince, has generally, if not always, heretofore been followed by a civil war; but we have little reason to apprehend anything of the kind now, such is the state of the islands. It is impossible to know, however, what may take place, as there are doubtless some who would rejoice to have war, for the opportunity of plundering the unfortunate. Great numbers of the people are now engaged in learning to read and there never was a time when the Mission stood so high in their esteem as now.

March 11 — Karaimoku and Kaahumanu have written a circular letter to the chiefs at the windward, communicating the melancholy intelligence received yesterday and calling upon them to humble themselves before Him who in his holy providence has seen fit to cause this afflictive event. Piia has gone to the windward to consult with the chiefs respecting the measures now to be adopted. Mr. Chamberlain wishing to visit the stations at Kairua and Kaawaroa, embraced the opportunity and sailed in the same schooner with Piia.

March 13 — Sabbath — At Waititi I addressed the native congregation from Prov. VI, 9. Pehoa ka loihi e hiamoe oe e kanaka molowa; ahea ola oe?

March 16 — The Hermaphrodite schn convoy, Capt. McNeil, arrived from Boston. By her we have received a more full account of the death of the king and queen, than we had before seen. We learn that the British government have given orders that the bodies of Rihoriho and Kamehamalu, with their surviving suite, should be conveyed to these islands in a public vessel; and that the Blonde frigate, Capt. Lord Byron, (brother of the deceased poet) may now be daily expected.

The news of the king and queen's death was kept for a short time from the common people; but it gradually became known. Though the people

loved then much, there was less crying than is usual at the death of a high chief. Many have inquired of us whether they have gone to Heaven? Some assorted that they had, but others seemed to doubt. Laanui said to me as I was walking with him shortly after the news was received, "If the king was prepared to die, it is well; but if he was not, ----" Here he was too much affected to proceed. He at length observed that God had done what was right.

March 19 — I have been employed for several days in framing the plates and beams for my house, having been under the necessity of dismissing a carpenter that I had hired on account of his laziness. Though I am not a professed carpenter I think I shall be able to finish the plates and beams as wall and in as little time as the man I have dismissed would have done.

March 20 — Sabbath — At Waialae this afternoon I addressed about 100 natives, assembled under the shade of a large Kou tree. Keliiahonua with some of the teachers, conducted meetings in 6 or 8 different places, one of which was about 15 miles distant.

March 21 — By the ship Thomas, (which was undergoing repairs has again sailed for America) I forwarded a letter to C.L. March 19, 1825 and one of March 15, 1825. Also one to D. Chamberlain with a paint box.

March 22 — The Griffin (Pierce) from Boston, arrived with letters, pamphlets, newspapers, and a fount of types for the Mission. Mrs. L had three letters from Utica, I had one from Mr. Evarts.

March 24 — Mr. Chamberlain returned from Hawaii with letters from our friends there. By him I received a letter from C.L. dated November 3, 1823; – it was left at Lahaina by the ship Factor, a vessel which had been 16 or 18 months from America.

March 26 — The brig Tamehameha, Meek, sailed for Valparaiso via the Society Islands. I sent by Capt. Meek, to be forwarded from V. letters to various friends – 3 to C.L. dated in March, 1825, with a drawing of the Sandwich Island idols, &c. – Wrote to Messrs. Henry and Platt, Society Islands – sent to the Missionaries there a copy of the Herald from January to October, 1824, and a copy of the 8th report of the A.B. Society.

March 27 — Sabbath — Conducted the meeting at Waialae. About 100 natives assembled, whom I addressed from the 3rd Chapter of John, 17th verse. Several of the native teachers show much zeal in communicating religious instruction to their countrymen. They collect the inhabitants in various places, and pray with them, and usually address them from some passage of Scripture which they have learned. Today there have been (including the three services at the Chapel) no less than 16 religious meetings held within 15 miles of this place.

The upper works of the vessel are above water, so that it will be no hard matter to remove the oil. It is said that the time the ship returned to port she leaked at the rate of 2000 strokes (of the pump) an hour.

Sunday — April 3 — Conducted the meeting at Waititi, 80 or 90 present.

April 4 — For the last 6 or 8 months I have had in my family a young man named Kulamea, whose "amiable" qualities have often been the subject of conversation and whose conciliating manners and obliging disposition acquired for him an unusual degree of confidence and esteem. He made no pretensions to religion, being of that class of men who are thought by many to be naturally so amiable and good as to merit eternal happiness. It seems, however, that he is a descendant of old Adam and does in reality, in common with other men, possess something of his nature. Of this we have indubitable evidence, for missing certain articles, we searched his chest and found in it articles belonging to the Mission to considerable amount. He then made a confession of hi3 guilt, and acknowledged that he had not only stolen the articles found in his possession but had taken others which he had expended. He had observed where we kept our keys and in our absence had opened our storeroom and taken the articles in so artful a manner that they were not missed for a considerable time. As he promised to repent and to repay us as far as possible for the things he had expended, We were induced, partly out of compassion for him and partly for our own interests, to conceal the matter from the chiefs and suffer him still to remain in our family. He did something towards repaying us but suspecting something was going wrong, we opened his chest this morning and found that he had been engaged in stealing. We took him immediately before the chiefs and communicated the whole affair with all the attending circumstances. Kuahumanu was for putting him in irons, but Karaimoku thought he had better be left at liberty that he might be able to endeavor to got something to repay us what he had stolen. He is a person of considerable high standing, and a favorite of Boke, now daily expected from England. We have retained in our possession his chest and clothing, which we intend to keep till restitution is made for the things stolen.

April 8 — Commenced the printing of a new spelling book of 8 pages.

April 10 — Attended meeting at Waititi and Manoa. Hoaai spoke to the people.

April 13 — Having occasion to go to the house of Karaimoku last evening between 10 and 11 o’clock I found most of the chiefs and people engaged in reading the hymns and spelling book. Many of the common people, whose houses I passed, were also employed in the same manner. I never before was so much impressed with the importance of their having more books in their language. At present their reading is confined to the Sp. book and Hymns.

April 14 — One of our cows, which had occasioned us much trouble about a year since, was recently tied to a post in the yard by the Printing Office. She calved last night and this morning when Mr. C and myself went to her, she sprang at Mr. C with such fury that she broke the rope by which she had been confined and in an instant was upon Mr. C. With a small club in my hand, I sprang to the relief of Mr. C and succeeded in beating off the cow, though not till she had twice plowed the ground with his whole length, her horns fortunately going each side of him, he secured no injury except a bruise in the arm. It was remarkable preservation for had the horns passed a few inches either way from what they did, Mr. C must have been gored. When I had broken my club across the cow’s back, she retreated a few feet, only when she returned towards us and stood shaking her head till Mr. C crawled off. As soon as he was out of danger, I also retreated. We expected much difficulty in securing her again, as the yard was large; but one of the natives getting on the fence she ran at him, when he threw a rope across her horns and held her till We came to his assistance. She is now firmly secured to a post.

Application was made today for Sp. books by a teacher who is going to establish a school at Laie in Koolau. I furnished him with 20 copies and with pen, ink and paper.

April 16 — Richard Charleton Esq. arrived today from London, as the Vice Consul of his Brittanic Majesty for these islands. He is to reside at this place. His wife and wife’s sister have accompanied him. With Mr. Charleton and wife we were before acquainted, and are happy to welcome all to the Sandwich Islands, believing their residence here will be favorable to the cause of Christianity.

By the Rover which also arrived today we received various letters from the Missionaries at the Society Islands and the Rev. Messrs. Tyerman and Bennett. Mr. B also received a letter from the venerable John Adams of Pitcairn’s Island, earnestly requesting that some of the Missionaries would make him a visit, and baptize the young people of the island. Adams is the only surviving one of the mutineers of the Bounty, who landed at Pitcairn's Island. Their descendants now amount to about 40 persons and a more interesting people do not perhaps exist. I have conversed, with several intelligent persons who have visited them and they all concur in representing them as the most happy and interesting people they have ever seen. Adams is a kind of patriarch with them and has been faithful in instructing them in the principles of religion.

April 20 — Mr. & Mrs. Charleton and Mrs. Taylor took tea with us and spent the evening at our house. Their society, we believe, will add much to our comforts.

April 30 — Capt. B, commander of an English whaleship, has for some time been making strenuous efforts to induce a certain female to accompany him on a cruise, promising to return her again and furnish her well with clothing, &c., but all in vain, as she refuses to go with him unless he will marry her. Fearing she would be taken on board by force, she fled to Karaimoku for protection. Every effort has been made to induce Karaimoku to send her on board but he has declared that she shall not go without her own consent. Her refusal to accompany him is doubtless owing to the influence of her sister who we trust has acquired sufficient light to see the iniquity to such conduct and detest it.

April 29 — Capt. B again diligently employed in endeavoring to get Polly R on board his ship. He has offered large sums of money to the chiefs but they have refused to send her on board. Capt. B had the effrontery to call at the house of Mr. B while the girl was there and ask the assistance of Mr. B to get her away. Finding every effort to obtain her fruitless, he, with a number of the "gentlemen" foreigners went to the house of Mr. J (an American resident who has several children by a native wife) and endeavored to get possession of H, his eldest daughter. He even offered $800 but it was refused. The mother of the girl said "Do you think we will sell our daughter like a hog?" Poor Capt. B seems almost distracted and is not a little angry with the missionaries. We have just been informed that he has a wife and several children in England. It is a common thing for such men to have native females on board their vessels but the people are beginning to see the iniquity of such conduct. At Lahaina an English Captain recently applied to many females without success. At length a chief (who has never been our friend) for the consideration of $160.00 dollars, carried on board his ship by force a female. The Capt. immediately sailed. Several instances of this kind have occurred.

How little do they who commit such iniquity reflect on the awful day of retribution! How short their triumph, How insipid their joys and how certain their misery! I have often been constrained to say "Lord, why am I made to differ! Why was not I left to the darkness of my own understanding! To indulge without restraint in every sensual vice, and thus ripen for eternal misery1"

April 30 — Mr. C and myself searched the house of Kulamoa, where we found one dozen of our knives and forks, one dozen of spoons and a box which had contained 10 axes, but the villain had secured the axes. We also recovered an ax which had been stolen from Mr. Harwood near a year ago.

May 1, 1835 — Sabbath — Conducted meeting at Waititi. Addressed the people from I Pet. III-12.

The schr. Astor which had been dispatched to Hawaii, returned suddenly with the information that the Blonde had arrived at Lahaina, with Boke & Company.

May 6 — The Blonde, commanded by Lord Byron, anchored here this morning. She fired a salute of 16 guns which were returned from the fort and from the guns on Punchbowl Hill. About 11 o’clock A.M. Boke and the others attached to the suite of his late Majesty Rihoriho, landed at the wharf, where most of the chiefs had assembled to receive them. I have seldom or never witnessed a more affecting scene. As they leaped upon the wharf one by one they set up a loud wailing, raising their eyes towards heaven, then, bowing and advancing towards their friends, were quickly encircled in their arms, joining noses, as is their custom; while the air was rent by their cries and those of the surrounding multitude. A guard had been placed at some distance who kept off the great body of the people, but there were several hundred within who most of in their turn embraced their friends now returned. After some respite the chiefs and people proceeded to the Chapel to give thanks to Almighty God. When the service was concluded, Boke arose and in a short appropriate speech, acknowledged the Lord Jehovah as his God and recommended to the chiefs and people to obey His precepts which were just and good; and to listen to the instructions of tho Missionaries who had come to do them good. He remarked that the Missionaries did not come here of themselves but God sent them – therefore the chiefs and people should listen to their instructions.

May 7 — Was introduced to Mr. Bloxam, Chaplain of the Blonde. He informed me that he had on the preceding Sabbath "baptized all the persons of the suite of his late Majesty Rihoriho, excepting Boke, who vas a Christian before.

May 8 — Sabbath --- Boke came this morning to our house to request that someone would conduct divine service at the house of his wife, as she

was too ill to attend at the Chapel. Mr. C and one of the native teachers complied with the request. In the afternoon Mr. C and myself conducted two meetings in the Valley of Manoa. At one of them, I addressed the people from the words "For the eyes of the Lord are ever the righteous, and His ears open unto their prayers; but the face of the Lord is against them that do evil". The number present were few but they appeared to listen with interest. Recent accounts from Tauai and from Maui represent the state of affairs in those islands as peculiarly interesting. Mr. Richards says he has never witnessed a revival of religion in America where more zeal was manifested and greater evidences of piety given, than at Lahaina at this time. The young princess Nahienaena is one who has recently turned her mind wholly to the subject of religion. She told who were the persons that had heretofore advised her against the Missionaries. And what is a little singular, her priest came to Mr. R to acknowledge that he had been bad, that it was he who had induced Nahienaena to sacrifice to the devil, &c.

May 10 — Messrs. Bishop mid Ely and Dr. B, with their families, arrived from Hawaii.

May 11 — The bodies of the late king and queen enclosed in splendid coffins were this morning brought on shore from the Blonde. A procession was than formed, which moved to the Chapel in the following order — 1st, 9 large kahilas carried by natives dressed in black. 2, a company of marines. 3, Band of Musicians. 4, Missionaries. 5, The bodies, drawn on two wagons, covered with black tapas drawn by a number of chiefs dressed in black. 6, the young prince and princess supported by Lord Byron and the English Consul. Principal chiefs and officers of the Blonde. Foreigners. The procession halted in front of the Chapel when Mr. Bloxam, Chaplain of the Blonde read a part of the church service in English and Mr. B prayed and addressed the chiefs and people. The procession afterward moved to a house in Karaimoku’s yard where the bodies were deposited to remain until a house to contain them can be built.

May 15 — Conducted meeting at Waititi.

May 30 — On Saturday evening a circumstance occurred which shows in some degree the regard of the chiefs for the Sabbath. Lord Byron proposing to have an exhibition of fireworks at the house of Karaimoku had made the necessary preparations and came on shore for the purpose, when he was met by a Messenger from the chiefs and informed that they could not attend on this evening as it was the preparation for the Sabbath; and they wished not to engage in any business that would divert their minds from the subject. Lord B. who sustains a good character felt much hurt at this abrupt refusal to attend an innocent exhibition designed solely for their amusement, especially as no objection had till now been made, although notice of the exhibition was given in the morning. It appears, however, that only one of the chiefs knew anything of the matter till evening when it being communi-

cated, they all disapproved of having it on that evening, alleging that their hearts were lealea (joyful) in consideration of the approaching Sabbath, and they wished not to discourage them. Lord B insisted, that the exhibition should take place that evening. Most of the chiefs came to the house of Mr. B to ask advice but Mr. B declined giving any advice. He merely told them it was a matter of their own. If they wished to attend there was no harm in it. But few, however, would go, and those returned as soon as possible saying they wished to remember the Sabbath day. Strong suspicions were entertained that they acted thus by the advice of the Missionaries and much unpleasant feeling, exercised in consequence. Mr. B addressed a note to Lord B explaining the circumstances and stating that no advice had been given the chiefs on the subject. It had been recommended to them formerly to make preparation for the Sabbath on Saturday so that as little work might be done on the Lord's day as possible. At present many of the natives cook their food for the Sabbath on Saturday, so that in their families not a fire is kindled on the Sabbath.

June 1 — Mr. Ely was examined this evening for ordination, by the members of the church now present at this station, they having resolved themselves into a committee for this purpose. The examination was satisfactory to all. Mr. E is considered a fit subject for ordination.

June 2 — A delicate and somewhat difficult subject was brought up in our meeting last evening. Kaahumanu and Keluahonui wish to know what is duty in regard to themselves, whether to marry or separate. Keluahonui is the son of Taumuarii, who was the husband of Kaahumanu. Keluahonui has lived with Kaahumanu as a husband even before his father's death, and has continued with her till some months since, when, understanding that for one to have his father's wife was an abomination not known among the heather, in the time of St. Paul, they separated; and they now desire expressly the opinion of the Mission as to their duty. It appears to be their desire to be married. But after considerable discussion it was the unanimous opinion of the Mission that they ought not to be united. "For one to have his father's wife is an abomination (much) known among the heathen here, as is almost every species of incest. At the time of our arrival here Rihoriho had 5 wives, one of whom had been the wife of his father, and 2 that were his half sisters. At present many of the people begin to be enlightened, on this subject and desire to regulate their conduct by the word of God."

June 3 — Mrs. Stewart has been for a long time very feeble and is now brought so low that serious apprehensions are entertained that she will not recover.

June 4 — Mr. Ely was ordained this afternoon in presence of a considerable congregation of natives. The exercises were partly in the native language and partly in English.

June 5 — Sabbath — An interesting day. Ten persons, most of them chiefs of the first rank, were publicly examined with a view of their admission to the church at a future period. The relation which they gave of their religious experience was most interesting and such as confirmed the members of the church in the opinion that the Spirit of God has been operating on the hearts of this people. Their examination proving satisfactory, they were all propounded for admission to the church. Thus has God, as we trust, brought a number of those children of nature who have lived in the practice of all manner of sin, to see their guilt, and their need of a Saviour. What abundant encouragement does this afford, to us who labor here and to the benevolent Christians in America by whose liberality we are supported!

It is a remarkable fact that nearly all of those examined today appear to have been brought under conviction, nearly at the same time, although some of them were then on the island of Maui, some here and some at Tauai. Several others would have been examined today but for want of tine.

June 6 — A general council of the chiefs was held this morning which were invited to attend. In this council the chiefs publicly acknowledged Kauikeouli as their king and engaged to support him. Little else was done at the meeting. Lord Byron, who has been invited to attend, made an address and presented a paper containing a number of laws, which he wished the chiefs to examine, and to adopt, or discard as they might see fit.

June 7 — The Blonde sailed for Waiakea. It appearing probable that the health of Mrs. Stewart might be improved by a short voyage, application was made to Lord Byron, who readily granted Mr. and Mrs. S a free passage in the Blonde.

June 9 — Put on board the schooner Adonis, Coffin, a letter to C.L. dated March, 1825, one to Rev. Joseph Merrill, June 5, 1825,, 3 copies of Hawaiian Sp. B. to J. D. Bemis and do. to C.L. and a copy of my Journal from 24th June, 1824, to 13th February, 1825, consisting of Nos. 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44. As I am much indebted to friends in Utica for letters, I directed the Journal to Wm. W. for his and their perusal and requested them to forward it to Rushville as soon as convenient.

June 10 — Mrs. B’s little son Jer. Evarts, aged about 16 months, has been quite ill for some days and is now thought to be dangerous. The disease is supposed to be the croup.

June 11 — Today it has pleased the Almighty to remove from this world Mr. B’s interesting little son. The bereaved parents, though afflicted with wave upon wave, find consolation in Him who has promised "I will never leave thee nor forsake thee".

June 19 — By the Parthian, returned from Canton, we received letters from Mr. Shaw and Mr. Bruse. They were both about to sail for America. Mr. Harwood had left some time before in a Boston ship.

June ;p — The work of instruction continues to advance. New schools are continually establishing. Within a few days I have furnished books for several new schools on the opposite side of this Island.

June 23 — Of late I have experienced some degree of illness which at times has been so severe as to render me unfit for labor of any kind. My health is much poorer than it was when I left America.

June 25 — The schooner Tarter, Morrill, arrived from the coast of California, with news that a Spanish 74 and two smaller vessels, the crew of which had mutinied, and turned pirates, had arrived at Monterey. The captains and officers had been put on shore at some of the Ladrone islands. It is said the vessels had already captured and burnt an American ship from Boston.

June 36 — Sabbath — Mr. Bingham, being somewhat indisposed, and having two native services to attend, the English service was conducted by Mr. C and myself. A sermon of the Rev. George Burden was read.

July 1 — Excursion to Manoa, with Mrs. L, Mr. & Mrs. B and our little ones in the cart drawn, by oxen.

July 4, 1825 — Ship Phoenix, Stetson, from New Bedford, arrived having on board for the Mission a large quantity of supplies, consisting of Beef, Pork, Flour, Bread, Butter, boards, shingles, &c. to the amount of more than 20 tons – freight 24 dolls a ton, which is considered very low.

July 6 — By the kindness of Mr. Speirr we obtained the schr. Deliverance to bring our supplies from the Phoenix, she having anchored without the harbor. We offered to pay the harbor fees, (which are now only six cents per ton for vessels that call to refit) but Capt. S chose not to come in, alledging that he was fearful his men might desert, and that females would come on board, a practice he prohibited. We found, however, that this prohibition if it has ever been made is of little service, as 8 or 10 were on board when we reached the vessel, and we were informed had been on board the night previous.

July 8 — Ever since the arrival of the Phoenix, I have been busily employed in getting the supplies landed and brought to our establishment. I have merely found leisure to peruse a letter from C.L. dated 1824 and one from James S 1824 and a number from Utica. From Mr. Seward, I received a copy of Hillner’s Church History, 5 vols (new edition) a donation which I value much.

By this arrival we have received a considerable variety of newspapers, some of which are as late as Jan. of the current year. I am extremely fond of newspapers, and anticipate much pleasure in the perusal of those received, but they do not answer as a substitute for well conducted magazines, none of which except the Missionary Herald, have we now received. We seldom get any of the new publications, which issue so rapidly from the press in America. The funds of the American Board would not justify them in purchasing for us more books than are particularly needed for the due prosecution of our work. And generally speaking, we are not in a situation to obtain them otherwise.

Mr. and Mrs. Stewart returned today in the Blonde. Mrs, S is more feeble than when she left, and serious doubts of her recovery are now entertained. Mr. and Mrs. Ruggles, with their little ones, came in the Blonde with the design of returning to their old station at Tauai.

Messrs. Stewart and Buggies, in company with Lord Byron and a large party from the B1onde, visited the Vocano while at Hawaii, The face of the great crater has very much changed since I was there. Several new craters have been formed within the great one, from which stones are occasionally thrown up and streams of lava constantly flowing; A tremendous explosion took place the last night the company remained, occasioned by the bursting out of a new crater, from which streams of lava were flowing when they left. The explosion was preceded by a slight earthquake.

July 15 — Meeting to consider the case of John Irepoah, who by disorderly and wicked conduct has brought digrace upon the church.

July 19 — Mr. Stewart’s son Charles Clark is severely afflicted with the croup. Mrs. S rather better.

July 21 — Examination of the schools. We have seldom witnessed a more interesting assemblage of people than were present this day at the examination of the schools. The Chapel was able to contain only a small part at once and some schools were obliged, as soon as they had exhibited, to go out to make room for the admission of others. More than 600 pupils were examined among whom were the young king and principal chiefs. More than 70 communications or short addresses were handed in, a considerable part of which had been committed to memory, and were spoken on the occasion. A translation of some of these I shall send you.

July 22 — As but few of the communications handed in could be read yesterday, for want of time, the chiefs and people assembled again today to hear them read.

July 24 — Read a sermon this morning at the English service, Mr. S's circumstances not permitting him to preach. In the afternoon addressed about 100 persons at Waialae from the words, "Seek good and not evil; that ye May live; and so the Lord, the God of Hosts, shall be with you. Amos 5.14".

July 28 — Observing a bible in the hands of a native this morning I made inquiry and learned that it had "been left in his possession by a sailor who resided on shore for a time but had now gone to sea. I easily procured the bible by giving in exchange a hymn-book. Out of several hundred bibles which we have distributed, two instances only have come to our knowledge in which the bibles have been thrown aside, or parted with. One was the instance I have now named. The other was the case of John Rives, the Frenchman, whose name has often been mentioned in accounts from these islands. In a drunken frolic he one day kicked his bible across the room when another person took possession of it.

I this day visited in company with Mr. C a native school lately established at Waialae. The scholars to the number of 43 were assembled, dressed in their best tapas, and went through a considerable part of the Sp. B. I found, however, upon examination that a few of them only knew the alphabet. This is no uncommon case. It often happens that a whole school learns the spelling book by heart, afterwards, become gradually acquainted with the letters, Mr, Ellis informed us that at the Society Islands there were persons who with one of the Gospels in their hands could recite the whole, although they knew not a single letter of the alphabet!

August 5 — The calls for Sp. B. is so great that I am under the necessity of suspending for the present the printing of the Catechism and tracts (4000 copies of each of which are already struck off) and resuming the printing of the Sp. B. 5500 copies of the latter have been distributed.

August 6 — Mr. Holmes, one of the oldest foreign residents here died today in a state of intoxication. He was once of considerable influence with the people, but of late years has become greatly intemperate and at length in the midst of a drunken frolic has been called into eternity. He left a numerous family, mostly females who have been prostituted to the most respectable of the traders who visit these shores.

August 7 — Invited to attend the funeral of Mr. Holmes. Mr. Stewart, by particular request, made prayer at the house of the deceased, I expected with Mr. Chamberlain to walk in the procession to the grave, but, on observing that it was composed of "Most respectable foreigners" walking arm in arm, some with their own mistresses and some with the most notorious prostitutes the land affords, we thought proper to bend our way homewards; separate from the crowd. To add, if possible, to this disgusting scene, the flags (used as signs) of the numerous grogshops were hung at half mast! I From this account you may form some idea of the state of society here.

August 15 — A few weeks since the native wife of Nevarro, a foreign resident, deserted him to cohabit with a Capt, S, late commander of a Baltimore schr. Application was immediately made to Karaimoku to have the woman returned but he refused to interfere unless Nevarro would consent to

marry her, a condition quite too hard for a foreigner to comply with. Subsequently Sistaire and his paramour left this place for Maui where they have since lived in high style under the patronage of Wahinepio, a chiefess whose influence when exerted at all has been against the introduction of the gospel. None of us ever suspected Karaiomoku to have favored the elopement. It was known, that he disapproved of S's conduct, and even drove him from his house, in two instances, when he had come thither to obtain the sanction of this chief to his wicked measures. A report, however, came into circulation a few days since that Karaiomoku not only favored the elopement but was rewarded for it by the gift of a large sum of money from Capt. S. This was a charge too serious to pass without notice, especially as Karaiomoku was now a candidate for admission into the church. We therefore felt it our duty to inquire into the matter. The result is we are fully satisfied that the whole is a malicious falsehood invented by certain foreigners, some of whom seem to take delight in tradusing the character of those natives with whom, whatever was the case formerly, they cannot now pretend to compare. Karaiomoku felt very indignant when the report reached his ears. He Immediately"summoned before him the man who had given currency to the report here, and who it seems had added much to the original from his own fertile stock. This man (who is no other than the redoubtable N himself of story telling memory) was quite alarmed when called to an account for the report he had circulated and finding it impossible to father the whole upon Capt. S who is known as the author of the original report, was under the necessity of denying that he had ever stated more than what Capt. S said. But the report, thus stripped and brought down to its original form, seems to be wholly without foundation; and Karaiomoku, still indignant, has dispatched a vessel to Maui for Capt. Sistaire. This affair will i' doubtless not be without good effects upon those chiefs who stand propounded for admission into the Church, and Karaiomoku*s spirited conduct will at least teach certain foreigners to be more cautious in propagatin slander.

August 20 — Received a letter from Mr. B at Kairua containing animating intelligence respecting the state of the Mission there. A very unusual attention to the subject of religion was manifest. We lately received intelligence from Waiakea, that the people in that quarter were much engaged in learning. In all the islands, the attention of the people seems to be directed to the palapala and the pule. This day we closed our letters to be sent by the Equatoe which sails tomorrow. I send only the following letters: (See Letter book).

August 21 — Sabbath — Mr. Stewart preached to the English congregation from the words "Let your lights so shine, etc." In the afternoon I went with Mr. C. to Waititi and addressed a congregation of about 70 from the words, "Ua hiki mai ka manawa, etc."

August 22 — Yesterday the schr. recently sent to Maui returned with Capt. Sistaire. It is said he denies being the author of the report attributed to him, but the evidence from different sources is strong

against him. Nevarro seems to have been meditating revenge, as he this afternoon made an unsuccessful attempt to murder Sistaire. The latter was walking in the street when Nevarro came up with two pistols in his hands and discharged them in succession, but one only took effect, the ball entering the upper part of Capt. S’s thigh. He instantly fell and Nevarro probably supposing he was killed or mortally wounded, walked back to his house. The wounded man was carried to the house of Capt. Ebbets, where Doct. B. and the surgeon of an English ship now in port, quickly arrived and rendered every necessary assistance. The wound is not supposed to be mortal. Messrs. B and R called on Nevarro and endeavored to convince him of the enormity of his conduct, but in vain – he justified himself – said he offered Sistaire one of the pistols that the affair might be settled in an honorable way. This is, however, flatly denied by Sistaire. Much excitement now prevails on this subject among the foreigners. Most of them seem to approve of the conduct of Nevarro.

August 23 — The bodies of the king and queen were removed to a new stone cemetery recently built for the purpose. Several thousands were assembled on the occasion, most of whom walked in the procession. Mr. B preached an appropriate sermon.

By letters from Tauai we have the painful intelligence that that island is again likely to become the theatre of war, unless vigorous measures ere speedily adopted to prevent it. It is well known that at the close of the last war, Tamehameha, a young ambitious chief, was much dissatisfied that he was not appointed governor of Tauai. On his return hither, a large party of his men under the command of a near relative was left in charge of the Fort at Waimea. Lately when Karaimoku was thought to be dangerously ill, it was currently reported and believed at Tauai that his men had received orders from him to rise, kill Kaikioeva the Governor and take possession of the island. Tamehameha, who was then here, said the story was false. He has since gone to the windward. Today information it received from Kauai that the commander of the Fort refuses obedience to Kaikioeva and is not favorable to the introduction of civilization and Christianity in these islands. Kaikioeva has written to Karaimoku entreating that measures for his safety may be adopted.

August 24 — We are happy to believe, after all the knowledge we can get concerning the alledged unchristian conduct of Karaimoku that he is perfectly innocent and that story respecting him is a malicious falsehood. By what I can learn, it is probable the story originated from Sistaire but was greatly enlarged by Nevarro. The trial of these two characters took place today and although the foreigners interested themselves in it, Karaimoku has wisely determined to send both Sistaire and Nevarro off the islands. (Journal to this date sent by Mr. Stewart.)

August 26 — We are happy to learn that Boke is shortly to proceed to Tauai to regulate the affairs there and bring away those men who if left would be likely to make trouble.

August 30 — By the ship Dauphin sent letters for America. (See letter book).

Much attention is now paid to learning in all the islands. I have recently printed 9500 copies of our last spelling book, I shall now for a time suspend the printing to go on with my house.

August 31 — Commenced work on the new stone house, with 2 hired men at $2 per day.

September 8 — Several of the natives have called of late to converse on the subject of religion. Some of them appear to he really under conviction of sin.

September 9 — Today I have been employed in overhauling the stock of Boards lately received from America. Of the 5000 feet mentioned in the invoice I found all with the exception of 220 feet, several of the boards which I measured were marked for more feet than they contained.

I have spent several evenings of late in reading Miss Sedgewick’s new work "Redwood". Unlike her "New England", it has I think few faults and gives a pretty correct view of the manners of that part of the United States where the scene is laid.

September 15 — By a vessel from the coast of Chili, we are informed that J.Q.Adams has been elected president of the United States, We had before heard by the way of of Mexico that General Jackson had been elected, a story which I could not believe.

September 16 — I have been quite ill for several days past. In the morning I usually feel pretty well, but in the middle of the day and during most of the night I am ill. Similar feelings I have experienced several times since the commencement of the present year.

September 17 — In looking over some late papers I was surprised to see the name of O. Follett in a list of some of the Members of Assembly in the state of New York. T is man worked with me a year or more in Canandaigua; I sincerely hope he may have become worthy of the suffrages of the good people of Genessee, tho I am inclined to think his election was the work of party spirit.

I have not been a little amused at various times, when reading the accounts of the doings of the Legislature of the state of New York and of certain demagogues who seem to have too many supporters throughout the state. I was grateful on reading the proceedings of the State Convention at Utica, of which I had the honor to be a member, and the more so at finding that Dewitt Clinton has been elected Gov. by a large majority, I believe he is a man of more worth than a dozen of the greatest and most aspiring demagogues, with which my native state is cursed.

September 18 — Sabbath — Mr. B preached in Karaiomoku*s yard to a congregation of probably more than 2000, among whom as usual were nearly all the high chiefs of this island, and many from the other islands. In the afternoon I went to Waititi, where I addressed about 200 natives.

September 19 — The illness with which I have at intervals been afflicted, has not always been so severe as to prevent me from reading and I have accordingly skimmed over 50 or 60 newspapers which we received some time since. I have been much amused with the pleasantry of a writer in the Commercial Advertiser who professes to give an account of "10 days in the country". From his style of writing, I have but little doubt that the author is Wm. L. Stone, one of the editors. I have, however, soon but 3 or 4 of the numbers.

September 22 — Mr. C. and myself yesterday went by water to Waiava distant about 12 miles; and returned by land this forenoon. Our object was to procure chalk, a vein of which was lately discovered at that place. We walked over a considerable part of the place and were gratified to find many of the people engaged in learning to read. A teacher from Honoruru at present resides in the place. At the house where we slept, 10 or 12 persons were engaged with their books during most of the night. While at Waiava we fell in company with a man whose appearance indicated an extreme old age; and on inquiry we were told he had lived during the reign of 10 kings! but he could not tell how many years old he was. His recollection seemed distinct and he gave us some interesting particulars respecting the civil history of the islands. We could spend but little time with him, which we regretted much, as he appeared to be a living chronicle of the age in which he had lived. We endeavored to direct his mind to the Saviour, as to one able and willing to save all – even as many as will come unto him.

Soon after we set out on our return, we met a company of Lunas or king's officers – some armed with firebrands and some with swords. About 5 or 6 days since orders were given by the king to the people of this and other districts to go to the mountains and procure timber for a new Chapel at Honoruru; the officers we passed were going thru the districts to see if the people had complied with the orders. If any men were found at home, their houses were instantly fired. The maimed, the blind, the aged and women and children were excepted. This is the custom of the people; and appears to be almost the only method of enforcing the orders of Government. (We passed 4 or 5 houses that were burning, while the families who had inhabited them were sitting around and bewailing their misfortune). Some of them were heard to observe that their next house would be a hole in the side of the earth and wondered what method the chiefs would then take to destroy them; as they would not burn.

September 26 — Conducted meetings at Waititi and Waialae.

having one of the crew in irons, for a murder that he had comitted on board.

September 28 — About noon today 10 or 12 sharp reports, in quick succession, like the firing of pistols, were heard at this and the neighboring villages; hut whence they proceeded, we could not at first conjecture. We soon learned, however, that a meteoric stone had fallen at no greater distance than a quarter of a mile from our dwelling. Some natives, who were near the place, observed something fall, and proceeding to the spot, dug it from the hole it had made, and brought it to Karaimoku. It is now in possession of Mr. B. It appears to have been broken off from a larger stone; and we have heard that another piece that was observed to fall at the same time near two miles distant is now in possession of sone of the officers attached to the Russian ship now in port. For several evenings past we have noticed a comet, which I presume is that called Eneke's; the same that appeared in 1819 & 22.

September _29 — 5 or 6 of the officers of the Russian vessel took tea with us this evening. 2 of them understood English tolerably well. We have often enjoyed the company of some of them, but regret to find that they say little on the subject of religion. Capt. Kotzebue is a Lutheran, and about half of his crew are of the same persuasion, the other half are members of the Greek church.

September 30 — I planted about a dozen cocoanuts today but as the growth of this tree is very slow it is somewhat doubtful whether I will ever enjoy any of the fruit they may bear. It is principally for the sake of the shade, however, that I planted them.

I have recently perused the 1st Vol. of a "Journal of a resident in Brazil, by Maria Graham"; but it is so little interesting I regret the time spent in reading it. The writer appears fond of speaking in praise of Lord Cochrane and says much also in favor of Don Pedro, Emperor of Brazil. Now I do not pretend to know much of the former but certainly the fair author has failed to produce in me the conviction that his Lordship’s character is commendable or that he is on the ocean and in a foreign country, a whit better than he was in his own native isle. Mrs. Graham labors to make it appear that Don Pedro is much in favor with his loving subjects, and extremely desirous that he should continue his benevolent task of reigning over them. I have, however, an opinion that the good people of Brazil will not long submit to be swayed by arbitrary power, especially since her sister states have so triumphantly established their independence.

October 1st — Some time since an order was published, prohibiting females from going on board ships for the purpose of prostitution; we are glad to perceive that the chiefs at this place and Maui appear desirous of enforcing the law, and guards are stationed during the night to watch. A few evening since a female made an attempt to swim off to a ship; but she was pursued, taken and put in irons. She has since been carried from

place to place and exposed to the gaze of the multitudes, a punishment in connection with her being in irons, quite severe. Prostitution is now becoming so unpopular that many of the girls who lived with foreigners on shore as well as those who remained on board the ships have presented their gallants to with their ultimatum, to be married or to separate. Only one or two would consent to be married; and in consequence 20 or 30 girls have forsaken their gallants and made application to be received into the native schools. They profess their determination not to live with any one foreigner without being married. These events occasion no small stir about this way. All is of course laid to the Missionaries, who do not deny that their advice to the chiefs ever has been to prohibit prostitution.

October 3 — Mrs. Stewart continue to fail more and more and more. She is now reduced almost to a skeleton, and no hopes are entertained that she will ever recover without a change of climate. Mrs. S has been hoping to get a passage to America in the frigate U. States which we understood was to touch here on her way home. It is now considered doubtful whether the frigate will come this way.

October 4 — About 20 seamen from the English ships in port came in a body this morning to the house of Mr. B and demanded the reason why females were not allowed, as formerly, to go on board the ships. They were referred to the chiefs, to when they finally concluded be go, although they said they had been given to understand that it was Mr. B who had made the prohibition. When they had made known their business to the chiefs they were told females were prohibited from visiting them because it was wicked and were assured that such practices would not again be allowed. The sailors insisted that they must have their girls and would seize and carry them off by force. Kaahumanu said that if they did not retire peaceably she would inform their officers. They replied that they were encouraged by their officers to come and demand the removal of the tabu. We have no reason to doubt the truth of this statement. It would appear that they considered the prohibition of females from visiting their ships as a calamity of great magnitude; and of course every possible means must be used to bring about the old order of things. We are not anxious about the event, knowing that all is in the hands of God: and if He should suffer the enemy to triumph for a while it would only make their downfall the greater and in some way advance the cause of religion.

It is really amusing to hear the boisterous declamations which this state of things calls forth; altho at the same time it excites emotions of pity and disgust. I will mention one out of the many instances which occur, and this will servo to give you some idea of the state of feeling among the gentlemen foreigners, and of the treatment we receive from them.

Mr. R accidentally fell in company with Capt. B and Mr. R this morning. Both of them commenced a virulent attack upon the conduct of the Mission

and upon the natives. Capt. B said the chiefs were all liars – the nation was going backwards – would never attain to that degree of civilization which they had in the days of Tamehameha – then there was virtue here – now there was none – the whole mass of people were engaged with the palapala (learning to read) neglecting, the cultivation of their lands, and would finally starve. He was sorry to say it but it was a fact that the Missionaries had done the nation so great an injury that they would never recover from it. The chiefs were now all thieves, liars and whoremongers & ec.

October 5 — Capt. Dale of the English ship Fawn, now bound to London, offers Mr. Stewart a gratuitous passage to that place; it is the unanimous opinion of the mission that he ought to accept the offer; as all hopes of Mrs. Stewart's recovery in this clime are lost; and the health of Mr. Stewart himself is so poor, as to allow him to labor but very little. The Fawn has good accommodations, and has a surgeon.

October 7 — Mr. Stewart embarked for Lahaina with a view of arranging his* affairs preparatory to leaving the islands. Soon after he was gone, a vessel arrived from Lahaina with a note from Mr. R stating that the sailors of the English ship Daniel were exceedingly enraged at him, and threatened to take his life unless he would give his consent that females should go on board their ship. They wished Mr. R to use his influence with the chiefs to have the tabu removed, but Mr. R directly refused.

October 8 — By another note from Mr. R we learn that the sailors of the Daniel, about 40 in number, are serious in their determination to kill Mr. R unless he will comply with their request in regard to the females. This however he will not do on any account whatever. Mr. R considers his life is in danger and wishes that one of us should come to his assistance immediately, and says "If things continue as they are, Mrs. R (who is in a delicate state of health) must fail before many days."

It seems that the natives, though desirous of protecting Mr. R are intimidated by the appearance of the sailors with their knives. As soon as we received Mr. R's letter, we carried it to Karaimoku and suggested the propriety of his dispatching a vessel immediately to Lahaina with orders to protect Mr. R. Karaimoku said we need not be alarmed – the chiefs would certainly,protect Mr. R. They were not frightened and would suffer none to hurt Mr. R. A vessel is to sail for Lahaina, however, in a day or two, & Mr. C or myself expect to take passage in her.

October 9 — Our meeting is exceedingly full. Mr. B preached from "Blessed are they who are persecuted for righteousness sake".

October 11 — Mr. Stewart returned from Lahaina. We rejoice to learn that the natives have at length taken such efficient measures to protect

Mr. R that his life is not now considered as in danger. The day before Mr. Stewart's arrival at Lahaina the sailors landed in a body and with knives and forming in order hoisted a red flag and marched in this imposing manner to the house of Mr. R. A guard of unarmed natives had been stationed there, but of course could make no resistance against the mob that approached. The chiefs, however, were upon the lookout and had already taken measures unknown to Mr. R to punish any aggression that might be made. The critical moment had now arrived which was to determine the fate of our dear brother and sister. They were ready. They calmly left the house and presenting themselves before the blood­thirsty ruffians, said "If you are determined to take our lives, here we are – but our principles we will never give up. We came hither with our lives in our hands, and are ready to sacrifice them in the cause of religion." At this moment one of the sailors in attempting to force the gate, made a pass with his knife at the native who stood there. The chief who was watching observed it and instantly said, "The play is over, we must be serious now", and immediately gave orders for the people to arm. This was soon efffected, and the cannon in the fort were loaded, and men with lighted matches placed near them. The appearance, of a multitude armed with guns and swords convinced the sailors that it was necessary to cease from further operations and they accordingly retired to their boat. It was fortunate they did so, as the consequences might have been serious; for orders had been sent to all the people in the district to assemble, with the fixed determination of not only securing the sailors on shore, but of taking possession of the ship in case violence should be offered to Mr. and Mrs. Richards. All the canoes were put in readiness; and in a very short time Lahaina was filled with armed men. But the retreat of the sailors rendered it inexpedient to pursue any offensive measures. A guard of armed men were, however, placed about Mr. R night and day; and even on the sabbath he was escorted to the meeting house by several hundred men.

Mr. Stewart arrived at Lahaina in the dead of the night. Having heard nothing of what had transpired, he was surprised to find the house surrounded with people. Someone directed him to go to a back door; and when the door opened, a musket with fixed bayonet was presented to his breast. It was a chief and particular friend of Mr. S that stood sentinel. He almost instantly recognized Mr. S and threw down his gun and embraced him. The conduct of the natives throughout the whole of this affair, evinced a high degree of forebearance on their part. Their design of taking possession of the ship was perfectly right, as it was well known that Capt. B encouraged his men to proceed with violence towards the Missionaries. The excuse which he made that he had no command over his men would alone have justified the chiefs in taking possession of the ship but they chose to resort to this only in case of actual aggression on the part of the seamen. On the first arrival of the Daniel at Lahaina, Capt. B addressed a note to Mr. Richards, saying he had no command over his men – that they had then gone ashore with the determination not to return unless with females, and he advised Mr. R to use his influence with the chiefs to have the tabu removed, or trouble might en­

sue, &c., &c. This is the same man who some months since by paying a chief a sum of money (I think 160 dollars) obtained permission to drag into miserable servitude, a defenseless female and one of Mr. R*s most interesting scholars. She implored Mr. R to obtain her release. Mr. R wrote an account of this transaction and sent out words that the chiefs might demand the girl but the ship did not as was expected touch at this place. This same Capt. Buckle We understand has a wife and family at England, and a mistress at Valparaiso. Just as Mr. Stewart was entering the port on his return the crew of the ______, Capt. Moott, assembled on the quarter deck and demanded "What news from Lahaina – are the Missionaries' houses burned and all their damned throats cut".

October 12 — A friendly letter to Mr. Stewart from Capt. Hull of the frigate United States was received yesterday. He regrets that circumstances will not allow of his visiting those islands as was expected. This, he says, will be the privilege of some more fortunate commander. He says, however, that he is about to despatch the Dolphin, Capt. Percival, to the Mulgrave Islands to seize the mutineers of the Globe, and that the schooner will probably touch here.

October 17 — Today We have given the parting hand to our brother and sister Stewart with little expectation of ever again beholding their faces in the flesh. I vent on board and accompanied them out of the harbor. Their accommodations are good. They have two little ones – the youngest aged about ___ months. Betsy Stockton, the colored woman attached to their family of course returns with them. For during the last six months they have lived among us and their departure leaves a blank in our little circle. They are endeared to us. Should Providence order that they visit the western part of New York, I trust you my friends who read this will not fail to embrace them in the circle of your acquaintance.

October .19 — The chiefs in council today, resolved to take more effectual measures to prevent females from visiting ships. I have for some days experienced a considerable degree of vertigo, which at intervals renders me unfit for any labor. I expect it will soon pass off, tho' I am now very weak.

October 25 — The ship Daniel which occasioned the disturbance at Lahaina arrived here a day or two since. It was understood that the crew had threatened the destruction of the Missionaries here but we could not believe they would be so fool-hardy as to attempt anything at this place where the king and chiefs reside. We were in fact rejoiced to hear of the arrival of the ship since it relieved our apprehensions in regard to Mr. Richards; and tho' an American captain who disapproved of the tabu, told us if it were not taken off the sailors would take vengeance on us, we felt perfectly free from danger. However, at a late hour last night three boats crews from the Daniel landed and took up their march towards the Mission house. We had received notice the preceding afternoon that they were to make us a visit, and had mentioned

it to the chiefs. They ordered a guard of men to patrol the streets, and suffer no suspicious foreigners to come to the Mission house. This guard, of course, came in contact with the crew of the Daniel, and after some altercation, secured 5 of them. The remainder found it necessary to return in haste to their boats. Those who were taken were immediately put in irons and confined in the fort, where they are likely to remain awhile since Capt, B has in vain endeavored to get them released. They will probably be sent on board, when the vessel is ready to sail. The check this troublesome gang have now received will probably restrain them from attempting any act of violence at this time, but the king and chiefs think proper to keep a strong guard patrolling the streets every night, with orders to detain every suspicious foreigner.

October 28 — The change of feeling in the natives towards us since the time of our arrival and first years residence is very remarkable. Then they were exceedingly jealous of us, and not very forward to assist. Now, they have the utmost confidence in us and we have every reason to believe, would think it a great calamity to be deprived of our instructions. They appear as ready to defend us as their own persons. The guards who now patrol the streets with loaded muskets, amount to several hundred.

October 29 — Capt. Eldridge of the ship America being about to sail for the United States we prepared letters and today carried them, but he bluntly refused to take letters from Missionaries, and his feelings so far as we can learn are pretty much in unison with those of most of the foreigners here. The prohibition of females from visiting the ships as formerly, the general attendance of the natives at school, and at church, and the decisive measures taken by the chiefs to defend us from harm have evidently given great offence. Formerly when little or no attention was paid to our instructions, and crimes were comitted with impunity, We were generally speaking treated with much politeness – now we are looked upon as enemies and every thing which malice can invent seems to be urged against us. The man (a foreigner) who informed us of the designs of the crew of the Daniel says "Everybody is angry with me for what I did". I do not know that we enjoy less peace of mind than at any former period. To have the displeasure of a good man would at any time be a matter of grief to us but fortunately we have not yet been placed in such a situation, nor is it possible we can be, till we come in contact with a set of men entirely different from those who now take offence at our conduct.

October 30 — Sabbath — It is pleasing to observe the order and decorum and fixed attention which characterize the congregations that assemble from time to time, for the public worship of God. Many we have reason to believe have already chosen that good part which shall not be taken from them.

November 2 — In firing a salute today the boatswain of the Parthian had one of his arms blown off, and was otherwise injured. I do not know that this unfortunate accident was the result of carelessness, but I cannot but wonder at the frequency of such disasters.

November 6 — Today we noticed with pleasure the departure of the ship Daniel, Capt, Buckle, and sincerely hope she may never have occasion with her present crew to touch again at these islands. Capt. Buckle, a few days since, had the effrontery to call at the house of Mr. B. He was in company with Capt. Thompson and lady, and not being introduced was received as politely as possible. After remaining some time it was discovered that the gentleman was no other than Capt. Buckle of the Daniel. You may well suppose no farther civilities were shown. When he and Capt. Thompson rose to take leave, the latter shook hands with the members of the Mission who were present, and Capt. B attempted to do the same but found no one that would take his hand. His conduct has been base and criminal in a high degree, and such as would in any civilized land, brought upon him lasting disgrace. The guard of natives, who ever since his arrival have patrolled the streets during the nights will now I presume be dismissed.

November 7 — During the last 4 days I have been severely afflicted with toothache and am not yet relieved, although the carious tooth has been extracted.

November 9 — Mrs. L was this morning confined of a son, her third child and is now very comfortable. This is the 22nd child born in the Mission.

November 15 — People are constantly calling from all parts of the island to obtain books; and they offer in exchange, taro, potatoes, cabbages, banannas, cocoanuts, sugar cane, eggs, and occasionally eggs and firewood, so that we are now supplied with these articles at no other expense than the cost of the books.

November 16 — Printed a Hymn to be sung at the dedication of the new meeting house.

November 17 — Printed the Port Regulations for the Port of Honoruru.

November 19 — Our new house of worship was dedicated to the Service of Almighty God. Several thousands were present. the house is 200 feet long and 70 wide but is built of very slender materials. The sailors in port as well as the foreign residents on shore manifest hostility to us and all who favor our object, on account of the difficulty of procuring prostitutes, females being prohibited by the

Government from visiting the ships. Coaperee, a native of some influence, while trading was assaulted by the crew of the Aurora, and his canoe broken, because, as they said he favored the Mission. When the circumstances was known on shore, Karaimoku sent and demanded reparation which the crew thought proper to pay.

November 21 — The public Examination of the schools in this vicinity commenced today and as usual when any important good is proposed for the natives, an attempt is made by the foreigners to draw off the attention of the chiefs and people. A horse sale was proposed. To give it countenance, almost every foreigner in the place attended. None of the chiefs, however, left the examination and but few of the natives who had attended our instructions. A crowd of other people followed the foreigners. The bridle of one of the horses broke, and the horse ran in among the crowd, broke the leg of a foreigner, and mortally wounded as is supposed, one of the natives.

November _25 — The examination has closed. About 100 written compositions were handed in and read.

At the meeting in the afternoon Laanui was married to Opiia and Paue to Tapule.

November 24 — A very interesting meeting was held this afternoon at the house of Karaimoku. the several candidates for baptism were particularly questioned in regard to their knowledge and religious views and all gave much satisfaction. We trust they are truly members of the Church of Christ.

November 26 — Karaimoku is fast declining with the dropsy. He has several times apparently neared his end. I was present today when he was tapped by Dr. B.

December 4 — Sabbath — On this interesting day eight natives of these islands have been baptized and admitted to the church. Most of them are chiefs and several are of the first rank. If those persons (as we have reason to believe) are really pious, we are abundantly rewarded for all our labors, even if this were all the good we have been the instruments of accomplishing. But we believe there are as many more here who are actually pious, and we know there are many thousands, who eagerly listen to religious instructions from week to week.

December 12 — Yesterday at the close of divine service Karaimoku arose and requested that the chiefs and teachers would assemble on the ensuing morning to give their united advice to the people in regard to the Kanawai of Jehovah. The Kanawai {Commandments) were translated some time since, the most of the chiefs after giving them an attentive perusal expressed an earnest desire that they should be regarded by all the people. As the laws of God it was thought they wore binding

on every person, and the chiefs wished to give their united public testimony in favor of their being observed, and even to enjoin their people to obey them. With this view the meeting was called. We knew nothing of it, however, till Karaimoku rose in meeting as before stated. Receiving from Karaimoku an invitation to be present, we went at the appointed hour, and were not a little surprised to find nearly all the resident foreigners present and 5 or 6 commanders of vessels. One of them, Capt. Ebbets, addressing Mr. B, said "We have come to oppose you". It appears that a report of the intended meeting early reached the foreigners, who, perhaps judging from the growing spirit of Christianity among the chiefs thought some greater restrictions on certain vices might be imposed, entered into a combination to oppose any new regulation that might be proposed. Karaimoku, Kaahumanu and other chiefs stated their desire is to have the laws of God binding on all the people. Boki replied it was his desire also, but he thought they had better wait till the return of Mr. Charlton from Tahiti before anything was formally done. Boki's objection was not unexpected. Several of the foreigners were known to have had interviews with him and it was not doubted on what subject they dwelt. Among the foreigners, Capt. C, Capt. M, Capt. Lauson and Capt. Adams and Messrs. Gowing and Reynolds distinguished themselves by their violent opposition to everything proposed by Karaimoku and Kaahumanu. In one instance they made a grand mistake which had it not been observed by Capt. ---------- would have proved fatal to their cause. Mr. Gowing, their interpreter, said to the chiefs "You are the rulers of this land – you have a right to make laws – we have no objection to that – but we object to the Missionaries having anything to do with it." Mr. B instantly replied "That is right – the Missionaries do not wish to interfere – let the chiefs do as they like". Capt. E perceived what was likely to be the effect and instantly commenced a speech and succeeded in turning the conversation to another point. Several of the foreigners encouraged Boki to oppose the object of the meeting – saying – he knew better than the others – he had been to England, and in the king's palace, &c. After listening to what the foreigners had to say, Karaimoku, Kaahumanu and others again expressed their desires to have the laws established. But Boki, whose feelings had by this time got raised to a high pitch, ventured to disclose to the king that if the laws were established he would not support him. Keriiahonui now rose and commenced a speech in which he was recommending David's resolution to servo the Lord, when Boki interrupted him by inquiring "Who?" "David" was the answer. "Was you there?" asked Boki. "No" replied Keriiahonui and would have continued, but Boki, who was a much higher chief, motioned him to be silent. This conduct of Boki excited feelings little less than of indignation in the breasts of the others and almost the instant he stopped Keriiahonui he was himself by Karaimoku directed to be silent. In this state of affairs the king said he was afraid, and proposed to adjourn, which was accordingly done. The principal chiefs are highly displeased with the part Boki took, and but for the influence of Christian instruction, would at once make an appeal to arms. That this would have been the case, at a former

period we have the authority of the chiefs to say. But, as it is we do not anticipate any serious civil commotion. It is however, an unhappy circumstance; and brought about altogether as we believe by the interference of foreigners. They allege that they were invited by the chiefs; but we have inquired of the principal chiefs, who all say they did not wish to have them present, nor did they know of their design to attend. The foreigners also allege that they were informed that the penalty of death was to be annexed to each law in case of its being violated. Whether the chiefs had or had not a design to annex a penalty to any one of the laws we do not know, but there is no probability that they could have thought of punishing with death, for the violation of anyone, unless, the sixth. As far an I can learn, it seems to have been the design of the chiefs simply to expose publicly their united voice in favor of the observance of the Ten Commandments.

I shall not detail scurrilous abuse of the Missionaries by the foreigners during this meeting. Suffice it that the most low vulgar billingsgate epithets were constantly applied. Some made use of them because they were most familiar with such language, and others who had more education probably found such language at that time congenial with their state of feeling.

December 15 — Printed the translation of a few copies of the Kanawai.

December 19 — Some days since a native found means to carry off unperceived a number of planes, a broad axe, 2 saws, and a few other articles. A singular circumstance led to the detection of the thief; who was by Karaimoku*s orders immediately put in irons. We recovered nearly all the articles that had been stolen.

December 29 — Sent the letter of admonition to Capt. E.

December 30 — Received from Capt. ___a letter of threats, &c. Dr. Law died this evening – brought to the grave by strong drink – Mr. Bennett died a few days since.

December 31 — During the last year have printed 41,000 of tract No, 1, 6500 of No. 2, 8000 of No. 3, and 3000 of No. 5; besides Handbills, &c. Another violent letter and shortly after, a visit from Capt. E at the house of Mr. B.

January 2, 1826 — The Waverly and Harbinger have arrived the latter from America, the former from Tahiti.

January 4 — Got our letters &c. from the Harbinger. Among the publications are several numbers of the N. A. Review. Heard of Mr. Ellis’ arrival in America.

January 7 — Heavy rains have been experienced here the last three days

and last night was attended with thunder and lightening. The new meeting house has fallen, as have several dwelling houses, most of the stone and mud walls have also been washed down.

January 14 — Since the arrival of the Harbinger, I have spent nearly all my leisure time in reading the news. By a file of the Utica Sentinel kindly forwarded by Mr. Seward, I have been enabled to get something of an idea of the political state of New York. Gov, Clinton’s speech is I think one of the ablest and best state papers I have ever read. I congratulate you on the election of such a man for Governor and I sincerely hope no faction will be allowed again to rule in New York or any other state.

January 15 — Sabbath — The U. S. schr. Dolphin, Percival, arrived some days since; yesterday the commander sent a proposal to fire a salute on the morrow. Karaimoku agreed to the proposal but afterwards, recollecting that it would be the Sabbath, sent the commander word that he would fire the salute on Monday. This morning the Dolphin fired her salute, regardless of the Sabbath, it was not however returned.

January 27 — Capt. J. Meek sailed for Canton. Capt. Ebbets, passenger. The Parthian also sailed in company and by Capt. Wilde I sent 2 letters to C. L. of December 14 and 26 – one to Nathan L. January 3 and one to J. Evarts December 26, 1825.

      The following biography is copied from Loomis Families Of America –
https://www.loomis.mysite.com/page6.html

      Elisha Loomis, born December 11, 1799, son of Nathan and Dorcas Pratt Loomis of Middlesex Township, Ontario County, New York, was the seventh child in a family of eleven. Half a mile from the village that later took the name of Rushville, he spent his first sixteen years like any frontier boy born at the turn of the nineteenth century. He learned to ride, to plow and plant, to build and -- though school terms were brief and teaching often inept, to read, write and cipher with assurance.

      At sixteen, when J. D. Bemis of Canandaigus advertised for an apprentice, Elisha persuaded his father to bind him out to learn the printer's trade. The indentures promised that for five years, until he was twenty-one, he would "faithfully serve" his master, "his secrets keep, and his lawful commands everywhere obey." He would not "go to taverns or any other places of resort or otherwise absent himself day or night from his master's service without his leave."

      Elisha, however, did not serve out his articles. With his master's permission and encouragement (for J. D. Bemis was a man of good will) Elisha offered himself as missionary printer to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands) in the spring of 1819 and soon afterward departed to attend the summer term at the Foreign Mission School.

      In September, when he was returning from Connecticut to say his farewells in Rushville, he stopped over in Utica to avoid traveling on Sunday. And in Utica he met Maria Sartwell. Maria was twenty-three, well educated for a girl of that day, attractive, skilled in the household arts, particularly in the weaving of linen. She had taught school, but in 1819 her occupation was the folding of books for the publishing house of Seward and Williams.

      Somehow the boyish printer destined for the Sandwich Islands and the young woman who had "long been wishing to engage in a Mission" were introduced. On September 16, Elisha wrote to Samuel Worcester of the American Board; "I have now spent several days with her, could not be more pleased with a person...I cannot but regard what has taken place as a particular interposition of Divine Providence." Elisha and Maria were married in the vestry of the Presbyterian Church, September 27, and had "a sort of reception" at the home of Publisher Seward.

      Just four weeks later, on October 23, the newlyweds would join fifteen other members, including five children, of the mission party aboard the Thaddeus to depart for the Sandwich Islands. Prior to the sailing, Elisha was instructed to seek out and purchase a printing press with which he would then use to print a variety of spellers and language books of the Hawaiian language. This would be the first printing press to come to the islands. The voyage lasted five months and landed on the big island of Hawaii.

      A complete telling of this Hawaiian saga is told in the "Grapes of Canaan" by Albertine Loomis.

      When, in 1827, the Hawaiian adventure was over and Elisha brought Maria and their three children back to Rushville to his father's house, he grasped at whatever offered a livelihood. There was an opening with the Rochester Observer, a religious weekly in the raw community on the Genesee River. In the two years that followed he not only spent hours at his own type case and press but pushed forward, in the face of harassing delays and blunders, the printing elsewhere of 125,000 tracts and thousands of pages of the gospel according to Matthew, Mark and John. In that period he talked almost incessantly for the cause of the Hawaiian Mission, visiting missionary societies and church meetings in scores of upstate villages. He wrote, too, answering some of the hostile articles that appeared in the quarterlies and weeklies.

      By the fall of 1830 Elisha's health would no longer permit him to work as a printer. He closed up his business (with assets "about eighty dollars in money and some household furniture") and left Rochester. By canal packet and lake schooner he made his way to Makinac Island, where at the American Board's Indian mission he taught young Ojibways their letters, edited a spelling-book and tried to rid himself of the illness which he sometimes thought was a liver complaint, sometimes called a disease of the spine and finally diagnosed as consumption. Increasingly he longed for Hawaii and wrote of returning there some day. But the Board had seen the folly of sending any but the most rugged into the foreign field.

      In 1832 Elisha was again in Rushville, where he opened a "select" school in the upper story of the dilapidated district schoolhouse. To shelter his family, which now consisted of Maria and five children, he built himself a small frame house, which stood among apple trees on a two acre lot he had "bought" from his father. Before the new venture was two years old, however, he was forced to suspend his school. His disease now had the best of him.

      For two years more, Elisha, ill and without regular income, strove to provide for his family But despite economy and resourcefulness the ends would not meet. He wrote to the American Board. What could the Board do for a disabled missionary? Rufus Anderson, the new corresponding secretary, was kind but cautious. The Board, as always, had more claims on its funds than it could meet.

      About three hundred dollars in all was eventually granted, the last hundred dollars to enable Elisha to spend the winter of "35-'36 in Florida in quest of health. It was June when he got home to Rushville, "greatly fatigued." In New York he had caught a severe cold. For the next two months he was much of the time in bed, taking morphine to quiet his racking cough. He passed away on August 27, 1836 at the age of only 36.

• No attempt has been made to note the many misspellings or contradictions in spelling. Some are probably peculiar to Loomis himself from a time with spelling was not entirely standardized. Others are probably the result of the original transcriber(s) mis-reading the original manuscript journals.

• The peculiar "SS" prefix in the list of ships is most likely a gratuitous and unnecessary use of the "SS" appropriate to steamships of a later era. The list of ships is just that, it excludes the brigs, schooners, and other named vessels moving in and among the Sandwich Islands at the time.

• While the glossary is a valuable addition to Loomis' journal, there are some glaring errors: e.g. the entry for Dr. Abraham Blatchley who is mentioned several times in the text will be found at Flatchley.

• A great number of references to members of the mission and other non-Hawaiians are made by Loomis in the form of a single initial: e.g. "Mr. B" in reference to Dr. Blatchley, Rev. Bingham, or someone else depending on context.

• There is a section of missing text between pages 44 and 45.

Elisha Loomis
      Journal — 1824-1826.
Typescript at Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library at the Hawaiian Mission Houses Historic Site and Archives.
https://hmha.missionhouses.org/items/show/82.

Sandwich Islands  Contents  Notes  Source  Whalesite